处暑在每年的8月23日或24日。"处"有终止的意思,"处暑"表示炎热的暑天结束了。处暑既不同于小暑、大暑,也不同于小寒、大寒节气,它是代表气温由炎热向寒冷过渡的节气。处暑过后天气中午热,早晚凉,昼夜温差大。"一场秋雨一场凉"的气候特征很明显。
处暑和下一个节气白露之间的民俗活动多与祭祖与迎秋有关。农历七月十五日道教称为"中元节",佛教称为"盂兰盆节",民间俗称"鬼节",家家要放灯、上供、祭奠祖宗。为什么要在这个时候祭奠祖先呢?有研究民俗的专家认为农历七月已经有农作物成熟,所以祭祖时能用新米等祭供,向祖先汇报今年秋收的成果,并请祖先们尝新。在这些活动中最隆重的要数放河灯了,如今在东南亚华人聚居的城市也还能看到放灯的壮观场面。
Limit of Heat in 24 Solar Terms
The day of Limit of Heat falls on the 23rd or 24th of August each year. "处(chu)" means coming to the end, and "处暑(Chu Shu)" shows the ending of the hot summer. Light Heat is different from Slight Heat and Great Heat and Slight Cold and Great Cold in 24 Solar Terms. It is a transition from scorching heat to severe coldness. In the days after Limit of Heat, it is hot at noon, but cold in the morning and evening, with a great temperature difference between the night and day. There is a saying going like this, "It gets colder and colder after each rain in autumn", which depicts the feature in this period.
Popular activities between the day of Limit of Heat and the day of White Dew are more pertinent to offering sacrifices to ancestors and welcoming autumn. The 15th of the seventh lunar month is what the Taoists call "the Zhong Yuan Festival", and what the Buddhists call "the Festival of All Souls", which is "the Spirit Festival" among the people. On the day, every family place lights on the flowing river, lay offerings on the table or altar, and offer sacrifices to their ancestors. Why do people choose this time to offer sacrifices to ancestors? Some experts hold that in the seventh lunar month, there are already newly ripe crops for the year, and new rice can be used as offering to report to their ancestors the autumn harvest for the year and ask them to have a taste of the newly harvested rice. The most ceremonious activity is to place lights on the flowing river. Today in the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia, the fantastic scene of placing lights on the river can still be seen.