最平民化的二锅头
The Commonest White Liquor in China: Er Guo Tou
在中国,白酒是人们最为欣赏的一种酒饮料。它由麦黍、高粱、玉米、红薯、米糠等粮食或其他果品发酵后酿造而成,酒液无色透明,芬芳馥郁,滋味美妙无穷。因其主要采用烧(蒸)工艺,酒精含量较高,白酒亦称烧酒。几千年来,无论是逢年过节,家庭聚会,还是朋友小聚,白酒都是中国人餐桌上必不可少的点缀。在所有饮品中,它最能烘托气氛,体现中华传统。
In China, white liquor is one of the favorite alcoholic drinks. It is made from fermented grains like wheat, millet, sorghum, maize, sweet potatoes, rice bran and other fruit. The colorless liquid is transparent and very fragrant with a wonderful lingering flavor. As the major technology used in making white liquor is stewing or steaming, the alcohol content is high. That's why white liquor is also called stewed alcohol (shao jiu in pinyin). For thousands of years, whether on festive occasions, at family reunion feasts, or get-togethers among friends, white liquor has been a must at the table for Chinese. Of all drinks, it is white liquor that best brings out the atmosphere and embodies Chinese tradition.
酒曲是中国酿酒技术的重大发明,也是世界上最早的复合酶制剂,白酒正是由酒曲酿制而成的。曲在《辞源》的解释为酒母,酿酒或制酱的发酵物。白酒所用的酒曲,大概可分为小曲、大曲。制造大曲的原料为大麦、豌豆或小麦,适宜于北方天气寒冷的各省酿酒。制造小曲的原料为大米或稻糠,南方亚热带的温暖气候正适宜生产小曲及小曲酒。有的小曲还加入了中草药,使白酒的保健功效更上一层。
Distillery yeast is not only an important invention in brewing technology in China, but also the earliest complex fermentation process in the world. White liquor is a kind of alcohol made with distillery yeast. The explanation of "曲Qu" in Ci Yuan (A Dictionary of the Origin of Words and Expressions) is yeast starter (literally "the mother of alcohol"), a fermentor in making wine or paste. The distillery yeast for white liquor can be roughly divided into Xiao Qu and Da Qu (yeast for making hard liquor). Raw materials for Da Qu are barley, pea or wheat, which are suitable for wine making in the northern provinces with their cold weather; while raw materials for Xiao Qu are rice or rice chaff which are most suitable for the warmer subtropical climates of the southern regions thus making these provinces ideal for the production of Xiao Qu or Xiao Qu liquor. Some traditional Chinese medicinal herbs are added to Xiao Qu, further increasing the health value of white liquor.
琳琅满目的白酒品牌
Various Brands of Chinese White Liquor
白酒名称繁多,从它们的名称里,可以读出许多有趣的信息。比如高粱酒、大曲酒是以原料命名的;茅台、汾酒、曲阜老窖是以产地命名的;陈曲、二曲和二锅头则又是以生产工艺的特点命名的。
The many different names given to white liquor can provide some very interesting information. For example, sorghum liquor and Da Qu liquor are named because of the raw materials used in making them; Maotai, Fenjiu and Qufu Laojiao are named after the places where they were produced; Chen Qu, Er Qu and Er Guo Tou are named after their unique production techniques.
在中华几千年的文化史中,白酒也占有不可或缺的位置,不知有多少文人墨客在酒后吟诗作赋,留下传世之作。"把酒问青天","举杯邀明月",无论白昼还是夜晚,无论文人雅士还是市井百姓,只要兴致所至,饮酒都是人生中的一大快事。
White liquor occupies an indispensible place in the thousands of years of China's cultural history. It's impossible to know how many scholars and writers have created chants or written poetry after drinking alcohol, thus producing literature which has been handed down from generation to generation. Whether "Taking up the Wine Cup and Speaking to the Blue Sky" in the daytime or "Raising the Wine Cup to Invite the Bright Moon" at night, whether for refined scholars or just ordinary people, if you only come with a willing heart, alcohol becomes life's greatest pleasure.