清明
2009年4月4日是"清明",既是中国农历二十四节气之一,也是我国的传统节日之一。时间约在每年的阳历4月5日前后。
清明一到,气温升高,是春耕春种的大好时节,所以民间谚语有"清明前后,种瓜点豆"的说法。从现今还流传的一些习俗中,不难看出人们对于清明这个节气的重视:这一天,人们会去踏青郊游、放风筝、荡秋千,参加拔河、插柳等活动。"插柳"实际就是古代的"植树造林",因为柳树生命力极强,插在土里就能活,插到哪里,活到哪里,年年插柳,处处成荫。
清明还有一项重要的活动,就是扫墓。这个习俗实际上是由清明前一天的"寒食节"而来的。"寒食节"相传是春秋时期的晋文公(BC671—BC628)为悼念被他放火烧山烧死的重臣介子推而设立的节日。这个节日的主要节俗就是禁火,不许生火煮食,只能吃备好的熟食、冷食,所以得名"寒食"。到了宋代以后,两节合一,"清明"就成了祭奠祖先、亲人,扫墓的日子。
Clear and Bright(清明, Qing Ming)
April 4, 2009 is the Qingming festival, which is one of the 24 solar terms in the Lunar Calendar, and also one of the Chinese traditional festivals. It comes around April 5 in the Georgian calendar each year.
When the day of clear and bright comes, the temperature continues to increase. It is a great time for farming. There is an old saying, "people plant melon seeds and beans around the day of clear and bright." From some still popular customs, we can see the importance of this day. On this day, people will go picnicking, hiking, play kites or tug of war, or plant willows and so on. To plant willows is an ancient way of afforestation, because willows are very easy to plant. If you just put one twig into the soil, it will grow, no matter where you put it. People plant willow twigs every year and willow trees will grow everywhere.
There is also another important activity of this day, which is to tend graves. This custom derives from the festival of "the Cold Food Day" one day earlier than the day of clear and bright. In the Spring and Autumn period , Jing Wengong (671 BC—628 BC), the king in Jing country established this festival to mourn his official Jie Zitui who was burnt to death in the mountain. On this day, it is forbidden to use fire or cook food with fire. People can only eat cold food or cooked food which was prepared one day ago. Therefore, it is called "the Cold Food Day." After the Song Dynasty, the two festivals came into one. The Qingming festival became a day to honor ancestors, dead relatives and tend graveyards.