提起无锡特产,人们眼前多数都会浮现出一对胖娃娃的身影。这就是人称"大阿福"的惠山泥人。其可爱多变的造型,鲜艳丰富的色彩,圆润丰满的形态,都让人一见倾心,爱不释手。作为雅俗共赏的民间艺术,惠山泥人传承了已有数百年。
关于惠山泥人的由来有各种各样的说法:有的说是战国时期孙膑用来演练兵法布阵用的;也有的说是刘伯温为断惠山龙脉教唆百姓挖泥制作的;这么多光怪陆离的传说中,我更喜欢"沙孩儿"的故事。话说很久很久以前,惠山一带有专门危害儿童的野兽四处横行。一个名叫"沙孩儿"的孩子,挺身而出,勇斗猛兽,为民除害。为了纪念这个小英雄,人们用惠山上独有的粘土捏出了可爱的泥人。经过历代艺人不断的加工创造,这个寄托着对美好生活向往的鲜活艺术形象在人们心中生根发芽了。
无锡大阿福的经典造型是一对身穿五福袄的胖娃娃。可爱,端庄,憨厚这些字眼都可以安到这个胖墩墩、笑眯眯的形象上。
惠山泥人的传统工艺极为复杂,有搓、揉、挑、捏、印、拍、剪、色、压、贴、镶、划、扳、插、推、揩、糊、装等技艺。而彩绘占的比重较大,可谓"三分坯子七分画"。大泥人开面画得好看也许不太难,但手捧着小如指甲盖的双面泥人,看着那精致的眉眼,让人不得不感叹技师们的画工了得。
惠山泥人是一代代的民间艺人靠自己的感觉创造出来的。他们摆脱了种种约束,靠直觉,朴素地造就了这个纯真的形象。到了现在,阿福的形象已经不再拘泥于各种形式,与时并进地出现了各种新造型,瞧这个世博特别版。
Talking of the special local products of Wuxi, most people will be reminded of a couple of chubby children, which are the earthen figures of Huishan called "Da A Fu". The lovable and changeable gestures, the rich and bright colors, and the smooth and plump shapes all make people love them at the first sight and reluctant to put them down. As a folk art appeals to all, the making of Huishan earthen figures has been passed on for hundreds of years.
There are various origins of Huishan earthen figures. Some hold that they were used by Sun Bin for the array of troops in the practice of military tactics during the Warring States Period. Others believe that they were firstly made out with the clay from the Huishan mountain by the natives because Liu Ji had the ulterior motive to cut the "dragon vein" of the Huishan Mountain and instigated the people to do so. Among the endless list of strange and unusual legends, I like the story of "沙孩儿(sand child)" best. Long, long ago, there lived a kind of rampaging ogres especially eating children in the area of Huishan. A child named "沙孩儿" came out boldly to fight against the fierce beasts and wiped them out once and for all. In memory of the little hero, people make lovely figures in his image with clay from the Huishan Mountain. With onggoing recreation and development by generations of craftsmen, the lively artistic image laden with fine aspirations for life get deeply rooted in the heart of the people.
The classical style of Da A Fu in Wuxi is the chubby children in pairs wearing the short Chinese-style coats "五福袄". Any such words as lovely, dignified, natural and honest can be used to describe these little chuddy and smiling clay figurines.
The traditional workmanship for the making of Huishan earthen figures is quite complicated, including the techniques of twisting, rubbing, pricking, moulding, imprinting, clapping, cutting, coloring, pressing, sticking, edging, scratching, turning, inserting, pulling, wiping, pasting and dressing. Drawing with colors is fairly important in the whole process, which is well represented in the saying "三分坯子七分画" (thirty percent of good model and seventy percent of good drawing make a perfect clay figurine). Maybe it's not very hard to draw on only one side on a big figurine. However, when holding in hand a double-faced clay figurine as small as a finger nail and looking at its fine looks, one cannot help admiring the extraordinary skills of the craftsmen.
The earthen figurines of Huishan are products of inspirations of the craftsmen from generation to generation. They have freed themselves from the cliché subjects and created this original little child out of pure intuition in a simple way. Now the figurines of A Fu are no longer bounded in one form. Diversified gestures and shapes have appeared in keeping pace with the times. Please have a look at the special version made for the World Expo.