立夏
2009年5月5日,太阳到达黄经45度,中国进入了"立夏"节气。这个节气在战国末年(公元前239年)就已经确立了,它标志着季节的转换,是农历夏季开始的日子。
此时,我国大部分地区气温明显升高,农作物进入生长旺季,冬小麦扬花灌浆,油菜接近成熟,夏收作物年景基本定局,故农谚有"立夏看夏"之说,并以立夏日的天气阴晴来占卜一年的丰歉。所以,我国历来很重视立夏节气,旧俗中立夏日又称"夏节"、"夏至节"。
立夏这天,古代天子率百官迎夏于南郊,并举行祭祀炎帝、祝融的仪式。清代更有祭神、烹新茶等习俗。
现在中国大部分城市居民已经没有过立夏的习俗,但部分少数民族还保留着一些独特习俗,云南宣威地区至今仍有大门插皂荚枝、红花来压崇的风俗。
Summer Begins
On 5th, May 2009, the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 45°. It is the day of Summer Begins in China. This Solar Term was established in the end of the Warring States period (239 B.C.). It marks the transition of seasons and is the day when summer starts in lunar calendar.
During that time, the temperature in most places in China has an obvious increase. It is the best time for grains and crops to grow. Wheat grain begins to grow full and rapeseed is nearly ripe. The result of summer harvest can be roughly estimated. Therefore, there is an old saying in agriculture, "You can see the outcome of summer at Summer Begins." People used to use the weather on the day of Summer Begins to predict the harvest of the year. In China, people have always paid much attention to Summer Begins. In old customs, the day of Summer Begins is also called "the Festival of Summer", or "the Festival of Summer Begins".
In ancient times, on the day of Summer Begins, the emperor would lead hundreds of officials and welcome summer in the southern suburbs of Beijing. A ceremony of sacrifice to Emperor Yan and Emperor Zhu Rong would be carried out. In Qing Dynasty, people had the traditions of praying to gods, cooking new tea, and etc.
Nowadays, most people in most cities of China do not have the tradition of celebrating the day of Summer Begins. However, some ethnic minorities still keep some special customs. For example, in Xuanwei county, Yunnan Province, people still keep the tradition of placing the twigs of honey locust trees on the door and using red flowers to scare off the evil spirits.