章节正文
考研翻译长难句练习57-61的全文翻译
The
economic system of any nation is the mechanism which brings
together natural resources, the labor supply, technology, and the
necessary entrepreneurial and managerial talents. Anticipating and
then meeting human needs through production and distribution of
goods and services is the end purpose of every economic system.
57）While the type of economic system
used by a nation is the result of political decision, it is also in
even larger part the result of a historical experience, which over
time becomes a national culture.
任何国家的经济体系都是一个集中了自然资源、劳力资源、科技资源和必要的企业管理人才的机制。预见人类需求，进而通过产品和服务的生产与销售来满足这些需求是每个经济体系的终极目的。一个国家所采用的经济体系类型不只是政治决策的结果，它更是历史经验的重大成果，随着时间的推移，它将成为一个国家的文化。
The first ingredient of the system is the natural resource from
which goods are produced. 58）America has been blessed by being a
land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, together with
a moderate climate.
该体系中的第一个因素是自然资源，因为利用自然资源人们生产出各种商品。美国得天独厚，拥有丰富的矿藏，肥沃的土地，温和的气候。
Second, the amount of available labor helps determine the health of
an economy. 59）Generally the United States has been
fortunate in having enough people to provide the labor necessary
for a constantly expanding economy. Until 1924 most of these workers
were white immigrants (or their immediate descendents) who came
to America from Europe. 60）When too many laborers arrived from
Europe to be absorbed by the East-coast economy, they could move on
to farmland in the interior. It is true that at times the
country has experienced periods of acute unemployment as well as
labor shortage, but on the whole immigrants came when work was
plentiful and economy grew fast enough to absorb them, providing
they were willing to work productively at slightly less than the
wage rates paid the acculturated workers. They were willing, and
they prospered, earning far more than they would have in their
native land. As a result, the economy of the nation also
prospered.
其次，制约经济健康发展的还有劳力资源。总的来说，美国有幸拥有足够劳力以满足经济不断扩展的需求。直到1924年为止，大多数工人都还是来自欧洲的白人移民
（或者他们的后代）。当东海岸地区的经济无法再吸收太多来自欧洲的工人时，他们可能继续流动到内地的农场去工作。虽然美国的确有不时地经历严重的失业或劳力短缺的时期，但总的来说，美国就业机会充足，经济发展迅速。只要这些移民愿意在工资水平比当地的工人稍微要低的情况下仍然勤奋工作，他们一到美国，就能被吸纳成为劳动力。他们愿意的话，就能发财，赚到比在自己国家多得多的钱。其结果是，美国的经济也就繁荣了。
A third factor is the quality of available labor. In assessing the
success of an economy one must ask how hard the people are willing
to work and how skilled they are. The frontier demanded hard work,
and the Protestant religious ethic supported that demand. Further,
the strong emphasis placed on education, including technical and
vocational education, also contributed to America's economic success.
61）Likewise, the willingness to
experiment, to change and to invest in technology was significant
in a land that had prided itself on being a new experiment in
freedom.
第三个因素是可利用劳力的素质。在评估经济是否成功时，我们必须了解工人是否愿意勤奋地工作，还必须了解他们的技术是否熟练。开拓者需要努力工作，新教的教义也鼓励这种努力工作的要求。此外，重视教育（包括技术教育和职业教育）也对美国经济的成功作出了贡献。同样，勇于尝试、敢于创新、投资科技的积极性对于一个以标榜在自由上图新求真为荣的国家具有重大意义。
The
economic system of any nation is the mechanism which brings
together natural resources, the labor supply, technology, and the
necessary entrepreneurial and managerial talents. Anticipating and
then meeting human needs through production and distribution of
goods and services is the end purpose of every economic system.
57）While the type of economic system
used by a nation is the result of political decision, it is also in
even larger part the result of a historical experience, which over
time becomes a national culture.
任何国家的经济体系都是一个集中了自然资源、劳力资源、科技资源和必要的企业管理人才的机制。预见人类需求，进而通过产品和服务的生产与销售来满足这些需求是每个经济体系的终极目的。一个国家所采用的经济体系类型不只是政治决策的结果，它更是历史经验的重大成果，随着时间的推移，它将成为一个国家的文化。
The first ingredient of the system is the natural resource from
which goods are produced. 58）America has been blessed by being a
land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, together with
a moderate climate.
该体系中的第一个因素是自然资源，因为利用自然资源人们生产出各种商品。美国得天独厚，拥有丰富的矿藏，肥沃的土地，温和的气候。
Second, the amount of available labor helps determine the health of
an economy. 59）Generally the United States has been
fortunate in having enough people to provide the labor necessary
for a constantly expanding economy. Until 1924 most of these workers
were white immigrants (or their immediate descendents) who came
to America from Europe. 60）When too many laborers arrived from
Europe to be absorbed by the East-coast economy, they could move on
to farmland in the interior. It is true that at times the
country has experienced periods of acute unemployment as well as
labor shortage, but on the whole immigrants came when work was
plentiful and economy grew fast enough to absorb them, providing
they were willing to work productively at slightly less than the
wage rates paid the acculturated workers. They were willing, and
they prospered, earning far more than they would have in their
native land. As a result, the economy of the nation also
prospered.
其次，制约经济健康发展的还有劳力资源。总的来说，美国有幸拥有足够劳力以满足经济不断扩展的需求。直到1924年为止，大多数工人都还是来自欧洲的白人移民
（或者他们的后代）。当东海岸地区的经济无法再吸收太多来自欧洲的工人时，他们可能继续流动到内地的农场去工作。虽然美国的确有不时地经历严重的失业或劳力短缺的时期，但总的来说，美国就业机会充足，经济发展迅速。只要这些移民愿意在工资水平比当地的工人稍微要低的情况下仍然勤奋工作，他们一到美国，就能被吸纳成为劳动力。他们愿意的话，就能发财，赚到比在自己国家多得多的钱。其结果是，美国的经济也就繁荣了。
A third factor is the quality of available labor. In assessing the
success of an economy one must ask how hard the people are willing
to work and how skilled they are. The frontier demanded hard work,
and the Protestant religious ethic supported that demand. Further,
the strong emphasis placed on education, including technical and
vocational education, also contributed to America's economic success.
61）Likewise, the willingness to
experiment, to change and to invest in technology was significant
in a land that had prided itself on being a new experiment in
freedom.
第三个因素是可利用劳力的素质。在评估经济是否成功时，我们必须了解工人是否愿意勤奋地工作，还必须了解他们的技术是否熟练。开拓者需要努力工作，新教的教义也鼓励这种努力工作的要求。此外，重视教育（包括技术教育和职业教育）也对美国经济的成功作出了贡献。同样，勇于尝试、敢于创新、投资科技的积极性对于一个以标榜在自由上图新求真为荣的国家具有重大意义。
- system [´sistəm]
n.系统，体系，制度 (初中英语单词) - distribution [,distri´bju:ʃən] n.分配；分布(状态) (初中英语单词)
- resource [ri´zɔ:s] n.手段；智谋 (初中英语单词)
- mineral [´minərəl] n.矿物 a.矿物的 (初中英语单词)
- moderate [´mɔdərit] a.适度的n.温和主义者 (初中英语单词)
- amount [ə´maunt] n.总数；数量 v.合计 (初中英语单词)
- available [ə´veiləbəl] a.可用的；有效的 (初中英语单词)
- economy [i´kɔnəmi] n.经济；机制；组织 (初中英语单词)
- constantly [´kɔnstəntli] ad.经常地；不断地 (初中英语单词)
- interior [in´tiəriə] n.&a.内部地(的) (初中英语单词)
- absorb [əb´sɔ:b] vt.吸收；吸引 (初中英语单词)
- willing [´wiliŋ] a.情愿的，乐意的 (初中英语单词)
- slightly [´slaitli] ad.轻微地；细长的 (初中英语单词)
- factor [´fæktə] n.因素；原动力；要素 (初中英语单词)
- frontier [´frʌntiə] n.国境；边疆；边界 (初中英语单词)
- invest [in´vest] v.投资；授予 (初中英语单词)
- historical [his´tɔrikəl] a.历史(上)的 (高中英语单词)
- ingredient [in´gri:diənt] n.(混合物的)成分 (高中英语单词)
- fertile [´fə:tail] a.肥沃的；有繁殖力的 (高中英语单词)
- unemployment [,ʌnim´plɔimənt] n.失业；失业人数 (高中英语单词)
- skilled [skild] a.有技能的，熟练的 (高中英语单词)
- protestant [´prɔtistənt] a.新教的 n.新教徒 (高中英语单词)
- emphasis [´emfəsis] n.强调；重点 (高中英语单词)
- technical [´teknikəl] a.技术的；专门性的 (高中英语单词)
- mechanism [´mekənizəm] n.机械装置；机制 (英语四级单词)
- blessed [´blesid] a.享福的；神圣的 (英语四级单词)
- experienced [ik´spiəriənst] a.有经验的；熟练的 (英语四级单词)
- shortage [´ʃɔ:tidʒ] n.不足(量)；缺少 (英语四级单词)
- willingness [´wiliŋnis] n.情愿，乐意，自愿 (英语六级单词)
文章标签:翻译 长难句 翻译长难句
章节正文
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