章节正文
7. The soldier displayed courage and skills.
8. His experiments fully demonstrated that principle of psychology.p216:Ⅰ.F, T, T, T, F, F, T, T, T, F.
p218:Ⅰ.d, c, b, e, aⅡ.1.atmosphere; 2.existence; 3.thorough; 4.radar; 5.elements; 6.protect from;
7.created; 8.rest onp237:Ⅰ.c, a, d, b, a
Ⅱ.1.to concern; 2.possession; 3.situation; 4.acquaintance; 5.lively; 6.grown-up; 7.classification; 8.principle; 9.convenient; 10.presence
p240.Ⅱ.1.style; 2.occasions; 3.highly; 4.concern; 5.possessions; 6.topics; 7.formal; 8.cultivated; 9.convenient; 10.absolute
Ⅲ.2. After he arrived in that country, he found there few occasions to speak Chinese.
4. No two leaves are exactly the same in the world.5. When I say they're friends, I don't mean they share everything.
6. The meeting concerns trade and agriculture.7. Serious problems may come up if the situation becomes worse.
Text B: How Should You Build Up Your Vocabulary?I think this is a question concerned by anyone. You can find some best ways in
this text to give you some help, I am sure. We can get more words through context and through word parts. Maybe you have more of your ways. No matter
which, I just hope you can succeed in English studying!A.New words:
1.vocabulary: n 词汇表2.context: n 上下文，from context; through context; contextual: adj 上下文的
3.securely: adv 安全地；secure: adj; security; n 4.intend: v 打算，intend to do sth; intention: n 意图
5.reference" target="_blank" title="n.优先选择；偏爱(物)">preference: n 偏爱,用介词for； prefer: v 用介词to.a.I prefer to do it myself.
b.She has a reference" target="_blank" title="n.优先选择；偏爱(物)">preference for blue.6.prefix前缀，suffix后缀
7.apparently: adv 同义词：obviously，明显地。8.consult: v 请教、查阅；consultation: n; consultant: n 顾问；常用短语：
consult with sb:讨论谋事；consult sb about sth:向某人请教谋事9.personally: adv = in person; personal: adj;
10.heighten: v 提高、加高；high: adj; highly: adv; height: n 高度11.maximum: n 最大量；反义词：minimum:最小量
12.effectiveness: n 有效性；effective: adj 有效的；effect: n 影响；affect: v13.sharpen: v 削尖；sharp: adj尖的
14.awareness: n 意识、觉悟；aware: adj有意识的，be aware of sth; 无意识的：unaware15.accuracy; n 准确性；accurate: adj准确的
16.ease: n 舒适、安逸，feel at ease with sb; v 缓和; easy: adj 容易的。The aspirins eased my headache.
B.Some important sentences in the text:1.When students in a college were asked what should be done when they came
across a new word in their reading,84% said, "look it up in the dictionary." If you do so, you interrupt the very mental processes needed to make your efforts
most productive.译：当问大学生阅读时遇到生词时该怎么办，84%的人回答是"查字典"。然而，这么做，你就会打断最富有成效所需的思维进程。
短语：①come across偶然遇到。I came across one of my schoolmates in the street yesterday.
②look sth up in...在...中查阅I often look some grammar knowledge in reference books.
③make sth + adj使...如何please make the room warm.
2. It all depends. (*) = It all depends on the situation.（金牌口语句）依情况而定。
3. That's why it makes such good sense to begin with context.译：这就是为什么我们得从上下文入手。
why引导表语从句。make such good sense:有充足的理由；begin with从...开始4. only when you go through the mental exercise to come up with a tentative
definition should you open the dictionary to see if you're right.译：只有在你经过一番脑力活动想出一个推测性的定义后，才应该打开字典来看看你的猜测是否正确，。
注意：由于only+时间状语从句放在句首，用了部分倒装。短语：①go through:仔细研究或检查，
I've gone through all my pockets but I can't find my keys.②come up with:想出、提出
He came up with a new suggestion.5. Well, there it is, your new formula-Context, parts, Dictionary. Use it! the
exercises which follow will give you specific step-step help in sharpening your awareness of contextual clues, learning the most useful word parts, and using
the dictionary with increased accuracy and ease. The result will be like money in the bank.
译：好，你的新公式-上下文，构词成分，字典。运用它！随后的练习将具体地、循序渐进地帮你敏锐察觉到上下文提示，学会最有用的构词成分和越来越轻松地使用字典。其结果就像你在银行里存了一笔钱。这是本文的最后一句总结全文的句子，它给大家最好的提示：如何最有效地记住单词。请大家参照着做。但也应因人而宜。最后一句：The result will be
like money in the bank.Means that as long as you have mastered good methods in English studying, the
longer you study English, the bigger vocabulary you'll build up.在这里我也把这句话送给大家。May you succeed!
New grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs(非谓语动词)英语中的动词根据它是否能单独做句子的谓语分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。不能单独作句子谓语的称作非谓语动词。它又分三类：动词不定式，分词，动名词。今天先介绍动词不定式。
A.不定式（Infinitive）：大多数是由不定式标记to加动词原形构成，但有一些是以省略to的形式出现的。 B.在句中它除了不能作谓语外，可担任其他句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、宾语补足语。在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用。
1.不定式作名词时在句中充当主语、宾语和表语. a.He likes to play basketball.b.For him to learn English well in such a short time is not easy.
c.His job is to clean all the windows. 注意：1>.当作主语的不定式较长时，常用it作形式主语而将真正的主语放在谓语后，将上面b可改为：It's not easy for him to learn
English well in such a short time.2>.在这种情况下我们常用for sb.或of sb.来做不定式的逻辑主语，但是有区别的。
for sb.常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, interesting, impossible etc.
of sb常用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, foolish, clever, etc.a.It's important for us to say something directly.
b.It's clever of him to leave that country. 3>.不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4>.不定式作宾语时，若宾语有自己的表语，常用it作形式宾语。I know to finish the work so soon impossible.
I know it impossible to finish the work so soon. 2.不定式作形容词的用法：通常在句中担任定语。，并且放在它所修饰的名词后面。
He always has a lot of meetings to attend.注意：1>.有时不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具，不定式后应该加上必要的介词。
please pass me some paper to write on. 2>.当一句话中既有形容词又有不定式修饰something, anything,
nothing这三个词时，请注意词序：something/anything/nothing + 形容词＋ 不定式Do you have anything interesting to read?
3>.不定式作定语时有时用主动语态表示被动含义。a.There is a letter to write.
b.There is no time to lose.c.Mary has three babies to look after.
3.不定式作副词的用法；在句中担任状语a.He is lucky to get there on time.(原因状语)
b.He came here to help me with my math.(目的状语)c.After that day they were separated, never to see each other.(结果状语)
请注意以下固定句型中不定式的用法：1>.too + adj/adv + for sb + to do sth
The book is too hard for the boy to read. 2>.enough的用法：
a. He is old enough to go to school.b. The road is wide enough for three horses to go.
3>.不定式在句中作为独立成分：a.To tell you the truth, I don't like this film.
b.To be frank, you are lying.c.To make matters worse, it began to get dark.
4.不定式作宾语补足语。a.I don't want her to leave here so quickly.
b.We allow you to enter the room. 注意以下省去to的情况：
1>.在某些感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时省略to，但在被动语态中不可省略to.a.I hear someone sing this morning.
b.The workers were made to work day and night.c.please let the dog go out!
2>.当介词but, except, besides前面有实义动词do时，可省to.The enemy can do nothing but/except surrender.
3>.在下列固定词组中：①had better do sth; ②would rather do sth than do sth; ③can't but do;
a.You had better not go now.b.He would rather look after the baby than do his homework.
c.I can't but think so. C.不定式的否定形式：not + 不定式
My father told me not to skate on the lake. D.连接代词或副词＋不定式，相当于一个名词短语，一般充当宾语。
a.Mr. Li taught us how to work out the difficult problem.b.please decide as soon as possible when to start.
E.不定式的常用时态有：一般式，进行式，完成式三个. a.He has decided to give her some money.
b.He pretended to be studying when his father came in.c.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
F.不定式的被动语态：to be done; to have been donea.It's an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.
b.He seems to have been taken good care of by the nurse. 见课本p219--p226
8. His experiments fully demonstrated that principle of psychology.p216:Ⅰ.F, T, T, T, F, F, T, T, T, F.
p218:Ⅰ.d, c, b, e, aⅡ.1.atmosphere; 2.existence; 3.thorough; 4.radar; 5.elements; 6.protect from;
7.created; 8.rest onp237:Ⅰ.c, a, d, b, a
Ⅱ.1.to concern; 2.possession; 3.situation; 4.acquaintance; 5.lively; 6.grown-up; 7.classification; 8.principle; 9.convenient; 10.presence
p240.Ⅱ.1.style; 2.occasions; 3.highly; 4.concern; 5.possessions; 6.topics; 7.formal; 8.cultivated; 9.convenient; 10.absolute
Ⅲ.2. After he arrived in that country, he found there few occasions to speak Chinese.
4. No two leaves are exactly the same in the world.5. When I say they're friends, I don't mean they share everything.
6. The meeting concerns trade and agriculture.7. Serious problems may come up if the situation becomes worse.
Text B: How Should You Build Up Your Vocabulary?I think this is a question concerned by anyone. You can find some best ways in
this text to give you some help, I am sure. We can get more words through context and through word parts. Maybe you have more of your ways. No matter
which, I just hope you can succeed in English studying!A.New words:
1.vocabulary: n 词汇表2.context: n 上下文，from context; through context; contextual: adj 上下文的
3.securely: adv 安全地；secure: adj; security; n 4.intend: v 打算，intend to do sth; intention: n 意图
5.reference" target="_blank" title="n.优先选择；偏爱(物)">preference: n 偏爱,用介词for； prefer: v 用介词to.a.I prefer to do it myself.
b.She has a reference" target="_blank" title="n.优先选择；偏爱(物)">preference for blue.6.prefix前缀，suffix后缀
7.apparently: adv 同义词：obviously，明显地。8.consult: v 请教、查阅；consultation: n; consultant: n 顾问；常用短语：
consult with sb:讨论谋事；consult sb about sth:向某人请教谋事9.personally: adv = in person; personal: adj;
10.heighten: v 提高、加高；high: adj; highly: adv; height: n 高度11.maximum: n 最大量；反义词：minimum:最小量
12.effectiveness: n 有效性；effective: adj 有效的；effect: n 影响；affect: v13.sharpen: v 削尖；sharp: adj尖的
14.awareness: n 意识、觉悟；aware: adj有意识的，be aware of sth; 无意识的：unaware15.accuracy; n 准确性；accurate: adj准确的
16.ease: n 舒适、安逸，feel at ease with sb; v 缓和; easy: adj 容易的。The aspirins eased my headache.
B.Some important sentences in the text:1.When students in a college were asked what should be done when they came
across a new word in their reading,84% said, "look it up in the dictionary." If you do so, you interrupt the very mental processes needed to make your efforts
most productive.译：当问大学生阅读时遇到生词时该怎么办，84%的人回答是"查字典"。然而，这么做，你就会打断最富有成效所需的思维进程。
短语：①come across偶然遇到。I came across one of my schoolmates in the street yesterday.
②look sth up in...在...中查阅I often look some grammar knowledge in reference books.
③make sth + adj使...如何please make the room warm.
2. It all depends. (*) = It all depends on the situation.（金牌口语句）依情况而定。
3. That's why it makes such good sense to begin with context.译：这就是为什么我们得从上下文入手。
why引导表语从句。make such good sense:有充足的理由；begin with从...开始4. only when you go through the mental exercise to come up with a tentative
definition should you open the dictionary to see if you're right.译：只有在你经过一番脑力活动想出一个推测性的定义后，才应该打开字典来看看你的猜测是否正确，。
注意：由于only+时间状语从句放在句首，用了部分倒装。短语：①go through:仔细研究或检查，
I've gone through all my pockets but I can't find my keys.②come up with:想出、提出
He came up with a new suggestion.5. Well, there it is, your new formula-Context, parts, Dictionary. Use it! the
exercises which follow will give you specific step-step help in sharpening your awareness of contextual clues, learning the most useful word parts, and using
the dictionary with increased accuracy and ease. The result will be like money in the bank.
译：好，你的新公式-上下文，构词成分，字典。运用它！随后的练习将具体地、循序渐进地帮你敏锐察觉到上下文提示，学会最有用的构词成分和越来越轻松地使用字典。其结果就像你在银行里存了一笔钱。这是本文的最后一句总结全文的句子，它给大家最好的提示：如何最有效地记住单词。请大家参照着做。但也应因人而宜。最后一句：The result will be
like money in the bank.Means that as long as you have mastered good methods in English studying, the
longer you study English, the bigger vocabulary you'll build up.在这里我也把这句话送给大家。May you succeed!
New grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs(非谓语动词)英语中的动词根据它是否能单独做句子的谓语分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。不能单独作句子谓语的称作非谓语动词。它又分三类：动词不定式，分词，动名词。今天先介绍动词不定式。
A.不定式（Infinitive）：大多数是由不定式标记to加动词原形构成，但有一些是以省略to的形式出现的。 B.在句中它除了不能作谓语外，可担任其他句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、宾语补足语。在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用。
1.不定式作名词时在句中充当主语、宾语和表语. a.He likes to play basketball.b.For him to learn English well in such a short time is not easy.
c.His job is to clean all the windows. 注意：1>.当作主语的不定式较长时，常用it作形式主语而将真正的主语放在谓语后，将上面b可改为：It's not easy for him to learn
English well in such a short time.2>.在这种情况下我们常用for sb.或of sb.来做不定式的逻辑主语，但是有区别的。
for sb.常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, interesting, impossible etc.
of sb常用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, foolish, clever, etc.a.It's important for us to say something directly.
b.It's clever of him to leave that country. 3>.不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4>.不定式作宾语时，若宾语有自己的表语，常用it作形式宾语。I know to finish the work so soon impossible.
I know it impossible to finish the work so soon. 2.不定式作形容词的用法：通常在句中担任定语。，并且放在它所修饰的名词后面。
He always has a lot of meetings to attend.注意：1>.有时不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具，不定式后应该加上必要的介词。
please pass me some paper to write on. 2>.当一句话中既有形容词又有不定式修饰something, anything,
nothing这三个词时，请注意词序：something/anything/nothing + 形容词＋ 不定式Do you have anything interesting to read?
3>.不定式作定语时有时用主动语态表示被动含义。a.There is a letter to write.
b.There is no time to lose.c.Mary has three babies to look after.
3.不定式作副词的用法；在句中担任状语a.He is lucky to get there on time.(原因状语)
b.He came here to help me with my math.(目的状语)c.After that day they were separated, never to see each other.(结果状语)
请注意以下固定句型中不定式的用法：1>.too + adj/adv + for sb + to do sth
The book is too hard for the boy to read. 2>.enough的用法：
a. He is old enough to go to school.b. The road is wide enough for three horses to go.
3>.不定式在句中作为独立成分：a.To tell you the truth, I don't like this film.
b.To be frank, you are lying.c.To make matters worse, it began to get dark.
4.不定式作宾语补足语。a.I don't want her to leave here so quickly.
b.We allow you to enter the room. 注意以下省去to的情况：
1>.在某些感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时省略to，但在被动语态中不可省略to.a.I hear someone sing this morning.
b.The workers were made to work day and night.c.please let the dog go out!
2>.当介词but, except, besides前面有实义动词do时，可省to.The enemy can do nothing but/except surrender.
3>.在下列固定词组中：①had better do sth; ②would rather do sth than do sth; ③can't but do;
a.You had better not go now.b.He would rather look after the baby than do his homework.
c.I can't but think so. C.不定式的否定形式：not + 不定式
My father told me not to skate on the lake. D.连接代词或副词＋不定式，相当于一个名词短语，一般充当宾语。
a.Mr. Li taught us how to work out the difficult problem.b.please decide as soon as possible when to start.
E.不定式的常用时态有：一般式，进行式，完成式三个. a.He has decided to give her some money.
b.He pretended to be studying when his father came in.c.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
F.不定式的被动语态：to be done; to have been donea.It's an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.
b.He seems to have been taken good care of by the nurse. 见课本p219--p226
- security [si´kjuəriti]
n.安全；证券；抵押品 (初中英语单词) - intention [in´tenʃən] n.意图；打算；意义 (初中英语单词)
- height [hait] n.高度；顶点；卓越 (初中英语单词)
- interrupt [,intə´rʌpt] v.中断；打扰 (初中英语单词)
- mental [´mentl] a.精神的；心理的 (初中英语单词)
- reference [´refərəns] n.参考；参照；出处 (初中英语单词)
- learning [´lə:niŋ] n.学习；学问；知识 (初中英语单词)
- vocabulary [və´kæbjuləri, vəu-] n.词汇；词汇量 (初中英语单词)
- concerned [kən´sə:nd] a.有关的；担心的 (高中英语单词)
- preference [´prefərəns] n.优先选择；偏爱(物) (高中英语单词)
- specific [spi´sifik] a.具体的；特有的 (高中英语单词)
- accuracy [´ækjurəsi] n.准确(性)；精密度 (高中英语单词)
- decided [di´saidid] a.明显的；决定的 (高中英语单词)
文章标签:学英语 大学英语
章节正文
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