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The 5th lecture of College English oneHi, everyone! Today we'll learn Unit 4. It is about memory. We can often hear
someone complain about their bad memory. Especially some students say even if they have tried hard to remember all the new words, but several days later, they
will forget them all. So many times I am asked how to memorize those words. Then I think after we learn this text, you will get something useful to help you
improve your memory. please listen carefully and intensively. Unit 4 Text A: Improving Your Memory
Ⅰ.New words:1.psychological: adj 心理学的; psychology: n 心理学; psychologist: n 心理学家;
psychologically: adv 心理上地（*）a.His father is a psychologist while his mother is an engineer.
b.psychology is a study of mind.c.Memories and dreams are psychological facts.
2.focus: v 聚集、集中, 常用短语：focus on sth ；n 焦点a.He took out the camera and brought it into focus.
b.Focus your attention on your work.3.basic: adj 基本的；base: n 基础; basically: adv 基本上、根本上
4.meaningfulness: n 富有意义； mean: v 意思是； meaningful: adj 富有意义的； meaningless:adj 无意义的; meaning: n 含义(*)
a.What does this sentence mean?b.He is sad because he finds what he has done is meaningless.
c.Do you know the meaning of this word?d.She always tells us meaningful stories. We learn a lot from her.
5.organization: n 组织、团体；organize: v 组织 WTo=World Trade organization ； organizer: n 组织者(*)
a.They organized a trip to the South last month.b.The organizers of the New Year's party feel very tired but happy.
c.The United Nations is a world organization.6.association: n 联合、协会； associate: v 把...同...联系起来；n 同伙；adj 副的
a.NBA means National Basketball Association.b.Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.
c.John and paul are associates.d.Mr. Liu is an associatemanager in this company.
7.visualize: v 想象、设想；visualization: n想象、设想8.rhyme:字母h不发音。
9.ability: n 能力，短语：to the best of one's ability,尽力而为。同义词capacity; able: adj有能力的，短语：be able to do sth, 反义词：unable.
10.random: adj/n 胡乱的、随便，常用短语：at random,随便地。He took a book at random.
11.categorize: v 分类；category: n 种类12.needless 不需要的,不必要的；needful 需要的，必要的
13.refer: v 涉及、参与；reference: n reference bookplease refer to the dictionary if you come across a new word.
14.relate: v 有关联，叙述，讲述；related: adj 有关联的；relation: n 关系、关联a.I can't relate what he said with what he did.（我不能将他所说与所做联系起来。）
b.This part relates to the current situation.(这部分指的是目前的形式。)15.accurately: adv 准确地，同义词：exactly；accurate: adj; accuracy: n
16.memorize: v 记住；memory: n 记忆力；memorandum(memo)备忘录17.improvement: n 改进、增进；improve: v
18.image: n 形象、印象；imagery: n 肖像的总称，意象; imagine: v 想象19.repetition: n 重复、反复；repeat: v; repeated: adj
a.He made repeated efforts to solve the problem.b.pronouns are used to save the repetition of nouns.
c.Does history repeat itself?20.mental: a 精神的、智力的，physical: 体力的
21.preserve: v 保护、维持；preservation: n保护、维持; preservative: adj 保护性的，保存的Ⅱ.Intensive reading:
1.physical research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory.
译：心理学研究集中在一些有利于记忆的基本原则上。本句包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰basic principles.
短语：focus on sth; a number of = many 许多；basic principles: 基本原则a.please focus your attention on your work.
b.A number of students are studying English.c.The number of students studying English is increasing.
2. It's useful to know how these principles.本句的主语为：to know how these
principles；it为形式主语。通常由于动词不定式作主语、主语从句作主语、动名词作主语太长，使句子显得头重脚轻，因而借助于形式主语。a.To have a good sleep before the exam is very necessary.
It's necessary to have a good sleep before the exam.b.playing with fire is dangerous.
It's dangerous playing with fire.c.That the earth is round is true.
It's true that the earth is round.3.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
译：对你毫无意义的信息是很难记住的。that does not make any sense to you是定语从句，修饰information.这句话还可改为：
It's difficult to remember information that does not make any sense to you.短语：make some/no sense:有/没有一定意义
a.What you said makes no sense.b.Does this paragraph of your composition make any sense?
4.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.（*）
译：不用说，第二种词表要比第一种词表更容易记忆。短语：needless to say不用说
5.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.
译：联想意思是把我们要记住的材料与我们已经准确记住的东西联系起来。分析：主语Association; 谓语：refers to；宾语：taking the material we want to remember and
relating it to something we remember accurately，动名词作宾语。包含定语从句：we want to remember，修饰the material； we remember accurately修饰something.
短语：refer to sth指...; relate sth to / with sth把...同...联系起来。6.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30
to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.译：与通过反复法记忆生词的人只记住了30%到40%的相比，用想象法的人记住了80%到90%。
分析：using imagery现在分词作定语。短语：compare with拿...与...对比
a.Compare your translation with the example on the blackboard.b.Compared with her house, mine is smaller.
7.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?(3段2行)译：如果一个图书馆的图书陈列得杂乱无章，那么这个图书馆会有什么用呢？
这句话需注意：虚拟语气.in...order以...顺序。Ⅲ.Something about Word Formation: 部分构词法：
在英语中，词的构成法有四种：派生法、合成法、转化法、缩略法。1．合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。如：black + board = blackboard
2．转化法：由一种词类转化为另一种或其他词类。如：average: n/ adj/ v, random: n / adj etc.
3．缩略法：将原词缩略，在读音和写法上成为新的形式。如：bicycle缩为bike; examination缩为exam; the United Nation缩为UN etc.
4．派生法：在词根上加上前缀或后缀构成新词，这是四种方法中最为常见、较难掌握的一种。我将分几讲用表格的形式介绍给大家，请注意平常学习时的总结、记忆！主要的名词后缀：
后 缀 例 词
-er/or/ar buy→buyer; teach→teacher; visit→visitor; act→actor;
beg→beggar etc. -ese
China→Chinese; Japan→Japanese -ian
Asia→Asian; music→musician etc -ism
Marx→Marxism; social→socialism etc -ist
art→artist; piano→pianist; communism→communist etc. -ment
achieve→achievement; agree→agreement; govern→government etc -ness
busy→business; ill→illness; kind→kindness etc. -ship
friend→friendship; citizen→citizenship etc -th
deep→depth; true→truth; long→length etc. -tion, -sion
decide→decision; invent→invention; organize→organization etc. -ty
safe→safety; difficult→difficulty; active→activity etc. -sure, -ture
create→creature; please→pleasure, mix→mixture etc Ⅳ. Brief summary about the phrases:
1.focus on(1段1行)；2.a number of(1段1行); 3.basic principle(1段1行); 4.make sense(2段2行); 5.for instance(2段4行); 6.make a difference in sth(3段1行); 7.be kept
in random order(3段2行); 8.for example(3段5行); 9.as follows(3段10行); 10.needless to say(3段11行); 11.refer to(4段1行); 12.relate sth to sth(4段2行); 13. associate sth
with sth(4段3行); 14. compared with(5段6行); Text B:
There are two kinds of memory: long-term memory and short-term memory. And information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by
repeating it over and over again while information in long-term memory may be kept for days or weeks. So I think when you learn English, the long-term memory
is welcomed by everyone.
someone complain about their bad memory. Especially some students say even if they have tried hard to remember all the new words, but several days later, they
will forget them all. So many times I am asked how to memorize those words. Then I think after we learn this text, you will get something useful to help you
improve your memory. please listen carefully and intensively. Unit 4 Text A: Improving Your Memory
Ⅰ.New words:1.psychological: adj 心理学的; psychology: n 心理学; psychologist: n 心理学家;
psychologically: adv 心理上地（*）a.His father is a psychologist while his mother is an engineer.
b.psychology is a study of mind.c.Memories and dreams are psychological facts.
2.focus: v 聚集、集中, 常用短语：focus on sth ；n 焦点a.He took out the camera and brought it into focus.
b.Focus your attention on your work.3.basic: adj 基本的；base: n 基础; basically: adv 基本上、根本上
4.meaningfulness: n 富有意义； mean: v 意思是； meaningful: adj 富有意义的； meaningless:adj 无意义的; meaning: n 含义(*)
a.What does this sentence mean?b.He is sad because he finds what he has done is meaningless.
c.Do you know the meaning of this word?d.She always tells us meaningful stories. We learn a lot from her.
5.organization: n 组织、团体；organize: v 组织 WTo=World Trade organization ； organizer: n 组织者(*)
a.They organized a trip to the South last month.b.The organizers of the New Year's party feel very tired but happy.
c.The United Nations is a world organization.6.association: n 联合、协会； associate: v 把...同...联系起来；n 同伙；adj 副的
a.NBA means National Basketball Association.b.Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.
c.John and paul are associates.d.Mr. Liu is an associatemanager in this company.
7.visualize: v 想象、设想；visualization: n想象、设想8.rhyme:字母h不发音。
9.ability: n 能力，短语：to the best of one's ability,尽力而为。同义词capacity; able: adj有能力的，短语：be able to do sth, 反义词：unable.
10.random: adj/n 胡乱的、随便，常用短语：at random,随便地。He took a book at random.
11.categorize: v 分类；category: n 种类12.needless 不需要的,不必要的；needful 需要的，必要的
13.refer: v 涉及、参与；reference: n reference bookplease refer to the dictionary if you come across a new word.
14.relate: v 有关联，叙述，讲述；related: adj 有关联的；relation: n 关系、关联a.I can't relate what he said with what he did.（我不能将他所说与所做联系起来。）
b.This part relates to the current situation.(这部分指的是目前的形式。)15.accurately: adv 准确地，同义词：exactly；accurate: adj; accuracy: n
16.memorize: v 记住；memory: n 记忆力；memorandum(memo)备忘录17.improvement: n 改进、增进；improve: v
18.image: n 形象、印象；imagery: n 肖像的总称，意象; imagine: v 想象19.repetition: n 重复、反复；repeat: v; repeated: adj
a.He made repeated efforts to solve the problem.b.pronouns are used to save the repetition of nouns.
c.Does history repeat itself?20.mental: a 精神的、智力的，physical: 体力的
21.preserve: v 保护、维持；preservation: n保护、维持; preservative: adj 保护性的，保存的Ⅱ.Intensive reading:
1.physical research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory.
译：心理学研究集中在一些有利于记忆的基本原则上。本句包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰basic principles.
短语：focus on sth; a number of = many 许多；basic principles: 基本原则a.please focus your attention on your work.
b.A number of students are studying English.c.The number of students studying English is increasing.
2. It's useful to know how these principles.本句的主语为：to know how these
principles；it为形式主语。通常由于动词不定式作主语、主语从句作主语、动名词作主语太长，使句子显得头重脚轻，因而借助于形式主语。a.To have a good sleep before the exam is very necessary.
It's necessary to have a good sleep before the exam.b.playing with fire is dangerous.
It's dangerous playing with fire.c.That the earth is round is true.
It's true that the earth is round.3.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
译：对你毫无意义的信息是很难记住的。that does not make any sense to you是定语从句，修饰information.这句话还可改为：
It's difficult to remember information that does not make any sense to you.短语：make some/no sense:有/没有一定意义
a.What you said makes no sense.b.Does this paragraph of your composition make any sense?
4.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.（*）
译：不用说，第二种词表要比第一种词表更容易记忆。短语：needless to say不用说
5.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.
译：联想意思是把我们要记住的材料与我们已经准确记住的东西联系起来。分析：主语Association; 谓语：refers to；宾语：taking the material we want to remember and
relating it to something we remember accurately，动名词作宾语。包含定语从句：we want to remember，修饰the material； we remember accurately修饰something.
短语：refer to sth指...; relate sth to / with sth把...同...联系起来。6.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30
to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.译：与通过反复法记忆生词的人只记住了30%到40%的相比，用想象法的人记住了80%到90%。
分析：using imagery现在分词作定语。短语：compare with拿...与...对比
a.Compare your translation with the example on the blackboard.b.Compared with her house, mine is smaller.
7.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?(3段2行)译：如果一个图书馆的图书陈列得杂乱无章，那么这个图书馆会有什么用呢？
这句话需注意：虚拟语气.in...order以...顺序。Ⅲ.Something about Word Formation: 部分构词法：
在英语中，词的构成法有四种：派生法、合成法、转化法、缩略法。1．合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。如：black + board = blackboard
2．转化法：由一种词类转化为另一种或其他词类。如：average: n/ adj/ v, random: n / adj etc.
3．缩略法：将原词缩略，在读音和写法上成为新的形式。如：bicycle缩为bike; examination缩为exam; the United Nation缩为UN etc.
4．派生法：在词根上加上前缀或后缀构成新词，这是四种方法中最为常见、较难掌握的一种。我将分几讲用表格的形式介绍给大家，请注意平常学习时的总结、记忆！主要的名词后缀：
后 缀 例 词
-er/or/ar buy→buyer; teach→teacher; visit→visitor; act→actor;
beg→beggar etc. -ese
China→Chinese; Japan→Japanese -ian
Asia→Asian; music→musician etc -ism
Marx→Marxism; social→socialism etc -ist
art→artist; piano→pianist; communism→communist etc. -ment
achieve→achievement; agree→agreement; govern→government etc -ness
busy→business; ill→illness; kind→kindness etc. -ship
friend→friendship; citizen→citizenship etc -th
deep→depth; true→truth; long→length etc. -tion, -sion
decide→decision; invent→invention; organize→organization etc. -ty
safe→safety; difficult→difficulty; active→activity etc. -sure, -ture
create→creature; please→pleasure, mix→mixture etc Ⅳ. Brief summary about the phrases:
1.focus on(1段1行)；2.a number of(1段1行); 3.basic principle(1段1行); 4.make sense(2段2行); 5.for instance(2段4行); 6.make a difference in sth(3段1行); 7.be kept
in random order(3段2行); 8.for example(3段5行); 9.as follows(3段10行); 10.needless to say(3段11行); 11.refer to(4段1行); 12.relate sth to sth(4段2行); 13. associate sth
with sth(4段3行); 14. compared with(5段6行); Text B:
There are two kinds of memory: long-term memory and short-term memory. And information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by
repeating it over and over again while information in long-term memory may be kept for days or weeks. So I think when you learn English, the long-term memory
is welcomed by everyone.
- complain [kəm´plein]
vi.抱怨，叫屈；控诉 (初中英语单词) - sentence [´sentəns] n.判决 vt.宣判；处刑 (初中英语单词)
- associate [ə´səuʃieit] v.联合a.同伴的n.伙伴 (初中英语单词)
- manager [´mænidʒə] n.经理；管理人；干事 (初中英语单词)
- reference [´refərəns] n.参考；参照；出处 (初中英语单词)
- relate [ri´leit] v.阐明；使联系；涉及 (初中英语单词)
- research [ri´sə:tʃ] n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 (初中英语单词)
- paragraph [´pærəgrɑ:f] n.段；节 vt.将...分段 (初中英语单词)
- everyone [´evriwʌn] pron.=everybody 每人 (初中英语单词)
- psychology [sai´kɔlədʒi] n.心理(学) (高中英语单词)
- accuracy [´ækjurəsi] n.准确(性)；精密度 (高中英语单词)
- repeated [ri´pi:tid] a.反复的；重复的 (高中英语单词)
- repetition [,repi´tiʃən] n.重复；背诵；复制品 (高中英语单词)
- composition [,kɔmpə´ziʃən] n.写作；作曲；作品 (高中英语单词)
- translation [træns´leiʃən, trænz-] n.翻译；译文；译本 (高中英语单词)
- random [´rændəm] n.偶然的行动 (高中英语单词)
- formation [fɔ:´meiʃən] n.形成；构成；排列 (高中英语单词)
- psychological [,saikə´lɔdʒikəl] a.心理学(上)的 (英语四级单词)
- summary [´sʌməri] a.&n.摘要(的) (英语四级单词)
- memorize [´meməraiz] vt.记住(录)；存储 (英语六级单词)
- psychologist [sai´kɔlədʒist] n.心理学家 (英语六级单词)
- taking [´teikiŋ] a.迷人的 n.捕获物 (英语六级单词)
文章标签:学英语 大学英语
章节正文
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