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课件(1)_大学英语自学教程上册_

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考试大纲规定，大学英语的教学目标是"使学习者能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，做到具有较好的阅读能力、一定的英译汉能力和初步的听、说、读、写及汉译英能力，为获得专业所需要的信息及进一步提高英语水平打下较扎实的基础"。 　本课程包括较系统的英语语法知识、英语单词约3000个和词组约500个，阅读量为30000余词。本课程的重点是英语的基本词汇和语法，课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。
　本课程的主要考试内容是从词汇、语法、阅读和翻译着手的。从2000年开始考试题型已改为如下七种：A. 客观题部分：1.单项选择10%；2.完型填空10%；3.阅读理解30%；B.
主观题部分：4.单词拼写10%；5.词形转换10%；6.汉译英15%；7.英译汉15% 为了帮助大家在英语学习、考试方面能达到事半功倍的效果，以及从我这几年教受英语课程的经验来看，想给大家提几点建议，：
第一，要勤读、多读。我们这里所说的"读"包括朗读和阅读，正确的发音，流利的朗读，对于熟练掌握单词、句子和课文，提高阅读速度都有根本意义；第二，记牢单词。我知道这历来是考生们最头疼的事情，但是我认为只要大家有好的适合自己的方法，那么对于大纲要求的这3000词汇来说应该只是a piece of
cake(小事一庄)。发音要正确，背单词要有计划，读写结合，注意常用词的词类和变化规则，记单词要和学习课文结合起来，不能死记硬背，最后一环是和遗忘作斗争的最有效手段---复习。英语中有一句谚语：Rome wasn't built in one day!译成中文是：冰冻三尺非一日之寒。记忆单词尤应记住它；
第三点，学好语法。学语法的主要目的是为了用。对于英语教学我最擅长的就是讲解语法，一般我会将语法现象融入所学课文中，让大家感觉不是那么晦涩难懂。只有在错综复杂的语言现象中学和用，才能真正掌握语法。 英语学习不是一句两句就说的完的，今后我会在教学中逐步让大家感受到学英语的乐趣，它不仅仅是我们通向事业成功的一座桥梁，也将丰富大家的日常生活。但学习毕竟是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我将四个英文字母以及一句谚语送给我们每一位自学者：IIpp----Interest,
Intention, patience and persistence. Where there is a will, there is a way!(有志者事竟成！) Good luck!
下面我们开始上课。我想在第一课开始之前对大家提几点要求：1.每人都必须有课本，即高远主编的《大学英语自学教程》（上）；2.每讲后必须要复习、做作业；3.最好能提前看看下讲的课文；4 .每5个单元有测验，请大家务必认真完成; 5有问题随时问，学习上不要害羞。
本教程共计25个单元。每单元分A，B两篇文章，一般A 位重点文章，精讲；B为培养阅读能力的文章，略讲。 Unit one:
Text A: How to Be a Successful Language Learner? Ⅰ.New Words:
1.successful: a 成功的； succeed v : succeed in doing something做某事成功;
success n; successfully ad (*) a.She wished him success_ in his new job.
b.Were you successful in finding a new house? c.I finished my training successfully.
d.He succeeds in finding a good job. 2.disagree: v disagree with somebody(与某人有分歧，意见不一致),
n disagreement, a disagreeable;反义词：agree, agreement, agreeable e.g. I always disagree with him.
3.guarantee:n / v 保证、担保、保修 e.g.1>.The watch has a two-year guarantee. (n保修)
2>.The TV set is guaranteed for one year. (v 保修) 4.intelligent:a 聪明的、明智的，n intelligence 聪明、智慧
5.conversely: ad 相反地，converse a 相反的 6.similar:a 相似的、类似的，短语be similar to sth / sb in sth(*)
e.g.She is similar in temper(性情、脾气) to her mother. 7.independent:a 独立的、自主的，independence n 独立、自主、自立，（*）
字根：depend(v):依靠、依赖，depend on / upon dependence: n 信赖、信任、依靠；dependent: a 依靠的、需要支持的
a.When you begin to make money you can live a life of independence. b.Children depend on their parents for food.
c.I don't want to be dependent on my parents, because I am an adult.8.clue:n 线索、提示，常用短语：clue to something
9.adult: n 成年人；a 成年的、成熟的 a.She can do it herself, for she is an adult now.
b.His behavior isn't adult.10.conclusion: n 结论、推论；v conclude. decide v 决定，decision n 决定、决心
11.communicate: v 交流、通讯、传播，习语：①communicate sth to sb: 传播某事给某人；
②communicate with sb: 同某人交流 名词：communication: a communicationsatellite 通讯卫星；
a communicationnetwork 通讯网，telecommunication:电讯、电信， China telecommunication中国电信
12.inexact: a 不正确的，反义词：exact incomplete: a 不完整的，反义词：complete
13.purpose: n 目的、意图，purposeful: a 有目的的，蓄意的， purposefully: ad 有目的地、蓄意地(*)
a.He was a clever man whose every word was purposeful. b.We should use the language purposefully.
c.She did it on purpose.14.regularly: ad 经常地、定期地，
regular: a 定期的 15.technique: n 技术、技巧，
16.outline: v 概括；n 轮廓、大纲 a.You should outline the story before you write it.
b.You can see the outline of her face in the light of the candle. Ⅱ.Intensive reading:
1.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.
大多数学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法的。 ①本句主语为：Most adults who are learning a second language;谓语为：would disagree
with；宾语为：this statement ②主语中包含有一个语法点，定语从句。这是英语中一个非常重要的语法点.顾名思义，定语从句应该在整个句中做定语，请对比如下两句: He bought an
interesting book.(定语) / He bought a book which is interesting.（定语从句）。具体介绍该语法点： 修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面，它需由关系代词或关系副词引导。
通常引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, (一般指人), which(一般指物)，whose, that(人、物均可).关系副词有：when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)。不管是关系代词还是副词引导定语从句时，要在定语从句中充当句子成分。上句中的who are learning a
second language修饰先行词most adults, who 是关系代词，在从句中作主语。下面我们一起来看另几个例句：仔细听我的分析！ a.The man who/that will give us a talk has come.
b.I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel prize winner. c.She's the girl who/whom/that I met at the party.
d.I live in the room whose window faces south. e.Did you find the bike that/which you lost?
③would此时为助动词，表示"可能，将会"。 ④需掌握的短语：disagree with sb about / on sth
e.g. He disagrees with his wife about the education of their son.2.They need hundreds of hours of study and practice...
hundreds of:几百，当hundred, thousand, million用作不确定数目时，需用复数形式，并加介词of;当它们用作确定的数目时，不用复数形式。
e.g. five hundred people; hundreds of people 3.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.
译：语言学习不同于其他种类的学习。短语：be different from:与...不同 4.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it
difficult to succeed in language learning. (*) 译：有些人很聪明，在他们自己的专业领域很有成就，但发现很难成功地学习语言。
①本句主语Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，谓语find，宾语difficult to succeed in language
learning，it语法上称作形式宾语:当宾语较长时，常将它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。 ②包含定语从句who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，修饰先行词some people,
who在定语从句中作主语。 ③需掌握的习语：be intelligent and successful in one's field;
succeed in sth / doing sth5.Conversely, some people who are very successful language learners find it
difficult to succeed in other fields.(相反地...) 这句话意思和结构与上句相似，口头分析。
6.Language learningresearch shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. (*)
译：语言学习研究显示成功的语言学习者在许多方面都是相似的。 ①本句主语Language learningresearch；谓语：shows；宾语：that引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中successful
language learners是主语；are是系动词；similar in many ways是表语 ②重要短语be similar (to sb/sth) in sth在...方面与某人/某事相似
7.Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. (*)
译：不是等这老师解释，而是自己努力去发现各种句型和规则。 ①Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain,介词短语作状语，主语：they；谓语：try to
find；宾语：the patterns and the rules for themselves ②介词of后的动词要用动名词waiting
③短语：instead of sth; wait for sb to do sth; try to do sth; 8.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct
them when they make a mistake. (*) 译：他们寻找说这种语言的人，当他们说错时就请这些人帮助指正。
①这是一个由and连接的并列句，其中有一个定语从句who speak the language，修饰先行词people;有一个时间状语从句when they make a mistake
②correct: v 指正、纠正，短语：make a mistake 犯错误 9.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things.
译：他们不害怕重复他们听到的或说一些奇怪的东西。 ①what they hear是repeat的宾语从句
②afraid的用法：be afraid of sth; be afraid to do sth; be afraid that 从句 a.She is afraid to go out alone at night.
b.I am afraid of snake. c.He's afraid that he'll be late for class.
10.When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.
译：当交流困难时，他们会接受不准确或不完整的信息。 本句中包含一个时间状语从句When communication is difficult，一个定语从句that is inexact or
incomplete，修饰先行词information，在从句中that作主语。11.It's more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know
the meaning of every word. (*) 译：对他们来说，学会用所学的语言来思考比学会每个单词的意思更重要。
①it作形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式to learn to think in the language.原句语序应是：For them to learn to think in the language is more important than to know the meaning of every word.
用形式主语的目的是因为不定式作主语太长，为避免句子头重脚轻，用it代替真正的主语。 e.g. For many people to learn English well is very difficult.
=It's very difficult for many people to learn English well ②短语：learn to do sth学会做...; more important than ...更重要
12.It's necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.
= For them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them are necessary


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