UP的用途

　　在英语里"up"的用途极为广泛；它是副词虚助词，也是介词，词义不止一个。

　　下面是"up"的六项主要用途：

一、作副词或介词，表示"向上"，如：

　　(1) The monkey climbed up the tree.

　　(2) Two boys helped the old man up.

　　(3) I can't hear you. Can you please speak up?


二、作副词或介词，意思"由远处到近处、由南到北、由小地方到大地方"，如：

　　(4) The dog-trainer led the dogs up the street.

　　(5) We would like to go up to town.

　　(6) This train is running up north.

　　(7) They have driven all the way up to the capital of Malaysia.


三、表示"......完毕。或......起来"，如：

　　(8)The hungry dog ate up all the leftover food.

　　(9)The library staff piled up the books in good order.

　　用"动词+up"来表示"做好、做完"的例子很多，常见的还有这些：

　　Button up, clear up, dry up, mix up, tie up, wrap up, pack up, tidy up, use up等。


四、可有可无的"up"，如：

　　(10) The road to the school was blocked (up) for some time because of the flood.

　　(11) Please fill (up) this form and then give it to me.

　　(10) 和 (11) 里的"up"可用可不用，意思都一样只是加上了"up"感到稳健些。

　　下面这些"动词+up"里的"up"也是可有可无，没有影响语义：

　　close up, divide up, hurry up, polish up, check up, follow up, finish up, seal up等。


五、协助组成片语动词，如：

　　(12) Something surprising has turned up.

　　(13) The train picked up speed after a while.

　　(14) Where did you pick up that habit?

　　(15) Please speed up if you don't want to lag behind.


　　常见的含"up"的片语动词（phrasal verbs）还有：

bring up（抚养长大）, brush up（复习）, crop up（突然出现）, ring up（打电话）, give up（放弃）, look up（查阅）, let up（中止）等。


七、协助组成一些具特殊意义的惯用语，如：

　　(16) Time is up.（时间到了）

　　(17) This matter is up to you; I wouldn't mind（由你决定）.

　　(18) What are you up to?（搞什么鬼？）

　　(19) I am up to my ears in work.（忙得不可开交）

　　(20) Your mother has been looking for you up and down.（四处寻找）

　　(21) Many older people have experienced the ups and downs of life.（盛衰变化）


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