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形容词后缀不可乱加

  下面这则广告中的形容词"irresistable"里的后缀( suffix)不对,应该把"-able"改为"-ible":

  "We offer: competitivemonthly salary, weekly incentives, attractive transport allowance, incentive trips and irresistable performance bonus."

  到底是"-able",还是"-ible"?这两者有何不同?

  现在先从形容词的其他后缀谈起。

  形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的;另一类是加到动词上的。

  ㈠加到名词上的主要有:① -y,如:bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy; ② -ly,如:costly, friendly, lovely, orderly, timely;③ -ful,如:careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful;④ -less,如:careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless;⑤ -ous/-ious,如:dangerous; courageous, envious, mysterious;⑥ -al/-tal/-ial/-tial,如:accidental, horizontal, colonial, influential;⑦ -ic/-etic/-atic,如:artistic, sympathetic, systematic;⑧ -ish,如:childish, foolish, selfish;⑨ -like,如: life-like, business-like, war-like;⑩ -ed/-en,如:skilled, horned, golden, wooden。

  ㈡加到动词上的有:① -ent/-ant,如:dependent, different, observant, pleasant;② -able/-ible,如: agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible;③ -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive,如:active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive;④ -ed/-en,如:advanced, noted, stolen, swollen;⑤ -ing,如:annoying, disgusting, entertaining。

  -able/ible 出现在第二类后缀中,"-able"后缀的形容词属英语体系的字;"-ible"后缀的形容词则来自拉丁体系。前者数量大,后者数量少,主要的是下面这些,可以特别留意:

  accessible, apprehensible, audible, compatible, contemptible, convertible, corrigible, destructible, digestible, divisible, defensible, edible, eligible, exhaustible, fallible, feasible, flexible, forcible, horrible, illegible, intelligible, negligible, perceptible, possible, responsible, resistible, sensible, suspectible, tangible, terrible, visible。

  现在顺便把名词、动词和副词主要后缀提出,作为参考:

  ⑴名词后缀

  -ment, -t, -ture, -ion/-ition, -al, -ance, -ent, -er, -ant 等。这些名词后缀都要加到适当的动词上,如:arrangement, restraint, fixture, celebration, extension, competition, renewal, assistance, resident, exporter, attendant。

  -ness, -y/-ty/-ity, -th, -ce/-cy 等,可以加到适当的形容词上如:darkness, kindness, honesty, loyalty, simplicity, truth, warmth, importance, absence, ungency, efficiency.

  ⑵动词后缀:

  加到名词上的有 -en, -ise/-ize, -fy, -ate,如:frighten, apologise, beautify, motivate。

  加到形容词上的有 -ise/-ize, -en,如:modernise, realise, brighten, weaken

  ⑶副词后缀:

  -ly,可以加到形容词和某些名词上,如:beautifully, clearly, leisurely, weekly。

  每个后缀都有一定的意思,但不能脱离词根独立生存,这点要特别注意,以免犯错。

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