合成动词 在英语的合成词(compound words)中,合成动词(compound verbs)的数目较少,主要有下面三种类别:
㈠副词+动词,如 outdo, overcome,
undermine, upset, cross-question,
withhold, backbite 等。
㈡名词+动词,如 sunbathe, sidetrack, typewrite, house-hunt, browbeat, hoodwink, waylay 等。
㈢
形容词+动词,如 whitewash,
safeguard, shortlist,
blackmail 等。
这三类合成动词中,以第一种最为丰富,特别是那些由"over, under, out"引导的,更显得多彩多姿。
由 over 引导的合成动词含有"太多、过多"的意思,如: overact, overburden, overcharge, overdo, overdress, overeat, overestimate,
overpower, overpraise, overproduce, overprotect, overrule, oversleep, overspend, overstate, overstay,
overwork 等。
由 under 引导的合成动词含 有"太少、不足"的意思,如: undercharge, underpay, underrate, understate, undervalue, underwork 等。
由 out 引导的合成动词则含有"超过、胜过"之意,如: outdo, outgrow, outlive, outnumber, outside, outrank, outshine, outstay, outstrip, outweigh, outwit 等。
现在举些句子示范:
① The food cost $3, but he was overcharged by 50 cents.
② Some romantic scenes in our TV shows were overdone.
③ Don't overstate your predicament or people will not believe you.
④ Some reporters understated the
seriousness of the regional financial
turmoil.
⑤ The staff of the company felt that their
contribution had been undervalued.
⑥ Chinese swimmers outdid their opponents.
⑦ This type of computer has outlived its
usefulness.
⑧ The advantages of the new salary scheme far outweigh its disadvantages.
最后,必须注意的是:不是凡是"over "就是"过多、太多" ,凡是"under"就是"太少、不足"或凡是"out"就是"超过、胜过"。反之,有些合成动词根本和这几个副词的意思风马牛不相及。例如:
● overhear(无意中听到)
● overlook(俯视、疏忽、忽略)
● oversee(监督)
● overshadow(使......暗然失色)
● overthrow(推翻)
● overturn(使翻覆)
● undergo(经历、遭受)
● underline(在......划线、强调)
●
undermine(破坏)
● underpin(加强、巩固)
● understand(理解)
● understudy(充当替手)
● undertake(担任、着手)
● outline(略述)
● outrage(虐待,侵害)
● outspread(伸展)
关键字:
英语讲义生词表: