动词形态的误用

　　前此，谈到动词形态和被动语态的关系，并且指出动词过去分词的重要，以及它是许多错误之源。

　　除此之外，其他类型的错误，也屡见不鲜，包括下列四种：

　　㈠不定式动词（the infinitive），如：
① An applicant was rejected, but the personnel manager who rang up with the bad news promised to help her looked for a job elsewhere.

　　凡在"HELP+宾语"后面出现的一定是不定式动词，可以带"to "，也可以不带"to"，但是绝对不可以是其他形式的动词，因此" looked"要改为"look"或"to look"。

　　另一个和MAKE有关的句型，也常有形态问题，如：
② The sight of the horrible animal made our blood ran cold.
③ The long distance between Singapore and China makes Singapore's businessmen considering going to nearer countries to invest.

　　②里的"ran"和③里的"considering"都是动词形态之误，要分别改成"run"和"consider"才对。

　　要注意的是HELP后头的不定式动词可以有"to"或不带"to"，但MAKE后面的不定式动词绝对不可有"to"。

　　㈡过去分词（the past participle），如
④ Like other teaching methods, group discussion can assist students in solving recognising problems.

　　在英语里，过去分词和现在分词都可以转化为名词修饰语。前者表示被动及完成的活动；后者则表示主动及未完成的动作。④里的名词"problems"是已经认同的，因此现在分词"recognising"要改为过去分词"recognised"才合理。

　　同样的，⑤里的"describing"也要改为"described"。
⑤ The instructional techniques describing in the book have some striking features.

　　㈢原形动词，如：
⑥ Day in day out, housewives will lost contact with the outside world.

　　在英语助动词"do, shall, have"等或情态动词"can, may, must"等后面出现的是原形动词，其他形式的动词都不对。因此，⑥ 里的"lost"要改为"lose"。⑦和⑧里的"spent "和" entrusted"也应为"spend"和"entrust"。
⑦ Instead of joining violent demonstrators, students should spent their time studying.
⑧ Can mothers confidently entrusted their children to any day-care centre?

　　㈣动名词，如：
⑨ Prior to analyse teaching methods, it is important for the teacher to know something about the student's learning strategies.

　　⑨里的"prior to"等于介词"before"，后头带宾语。其中一种宾语是动名词或动名词短语（gerund/gerund phrase）。显然的，原形的"analyse"要变成"analysing"。⑩里的"engage"和╆里的"to repair and restore"也非改成"engaging"和"repairing and restoring"不可： ⑩ They should concentrate on their studies instead of engage themselves in mobs. ╆ The authorities spent a lot of money to repair and restore damaged public buildings.

关键字:英语讲义
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