名词修饰语的排列秩序
在英语句子里,几个修饰语叠用的时候,有一定的排列秩序。修饰语在句子中的位置错了,或排列乱了,便有麻烦,甚至意思也会因此改变,有时连语气也不通畅。
通常几个修饰语在名词之前出现时,它们的秩序应该这样排列:
首先是
限定词(determiner),如"the, my, this"等。接着是所有格(possessive case),如"man's, children's, John's" 等。第三是序数(ordinal)如"first, next, last"等。第四是数目(number),如"many, several, ten"等。第五是性质
形容词(
adjective of quality),如"interesting, beautiful, gloomy" 等。第六是形状,(size, shape, length)如"little, round, long"等。第七是颜色(colour), 如"red, black, white"等。第八是国家(nation),如"French, Indian, Singapore"等。第九是属性名词(即充当修饰语的名词,attributive noun),如" history, oil, silk"等。
现在举几个例子给大家参考。
① For such an occasion, you need a red silk shirt.
② John's office is equipped with some new white steel furniture.
③ My friend's restaurant serves delicious red French wine.
④ The lecturer's first long public speech was a real success.
⑤ There are some comfortable round black chairs in the living room.
⑥ The artist's first three expensive long blue Chinese oil paintings have been stolen.
由此可见,英语的几个修饰语,必须顺序排列,以便同时修饰后头的名词。
有些人对上述修饰语的排列秩序没有明确的概念,结果句子虽然合语法,但读来不顺口。例如⑦a和⑦b都合语法,但前者有问题,后者没有:
⑦a My teacher is a Chinese story well-known writer.
⑦b My teacher is a well-known Chinese story writer.
不同词类的修饰语如此,同词类的修饰语也如此。例如我们常常习惯一连用几个性质
形容词来修饰同一个名词。这个时候,每个
形容词便要重音读出,每读一个便要稍微停顿一下。书面语则用逗号表示。这些性质
形容词之间没有什么严格的秩序问题,不过习惯上,长的或音节多的
形容词,最好排在后头,如:
⑧ This is a dull, difficult and badly-organised essay.
⑨ Yesterday was a windy, stormy and impleasant day.
此外,词义较重要的修饰语,也较后才出现,如:
⑩ That person's
destiny is bad and
tragic.
11. I
loathe people who are unfriendly, unhelpful and hypocritical.
12. Good language teachers are able to make lessons easy, enjoyable and effective.
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