酷兔英语

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省一省,句子更简练

 一个完整的句子有两部分,即主语(subject)和谓语( predicate)。两部分不齐全或句中有省略之处,就叫省略句。省略句是英语,尤其是英语口语中常见的一种现象。

  句子中的主语或谓语成分,在恰当情况下,都可以省略。

  下列 7 种情况,可以有省略句:

  ⒈省略主语,如:

  ① Thank you very much.

  ② Please come in !

  ①里的"I"被省略;②里的"You"被省略。这种省略是必要的、正确的。

  ⒉省略谓语动词和其他成分,如:

  ③ Youth is the time for sowing; age, reaping.

  ④ He comes to class earlier than I.

  ③里省略了"age"后头的"is the time for";④里比较副词分句的谓语"come to class"不见了。当然。我们也可以用助动词 "do":"...than I do."

  ⒊省略接系动词"Be",如:

  ⑤ Mary is as tall as John.

  ⑥ His mind is alert ; his energy, unbounded.

  ⑤里"John"后头的"is"省掉了;⑥里的"unbounded"之前的"is"也省了,而以逗号取代。

  ⒋省略补足语,如:

  ⑦ X: Are you all right?

    Y: Yes , I am.

  ⑧ Jack is not fond of talking; nor am I.

  ⑦里"am"后头的补足语(complement)"all right"和⑧里 "I"后面的"fond of talking"都全被省略了。

  ⒌省略宾语,如:

  ⑨ X: Who can do it?

    Y: I don't know.

  ⑨里当宾语的名词从句(who can do it)从及物动词"know" 的后头消失了。

  ⒍省略主动词及其宾语,如:

  ⑩ Your classmates can study Chinese. Why can't you?

  主动词"study"和宾语"Chinese"从疑问句"Why can't you "后头溜走了。

  ⒎省略句中多个成分,如:

  ● X: When did you learn computer?

    Y: Long ago.

  整个句子"I learnt computer long ago"都被省略了,所剩的只是个时间副词。

  ● You may revise your essay, if necessary.

  主语和动词"it is",从"if "后面消失了。

  综上所述,英语口语充满了省略句。虽然每个被省略的成分都可以还原,但是为了句子的简洁和流畅,还是可省则省、可略则略。

  谈到句子的简练流利,除上述省略句外,还有其他方法达到这目的。但是这些方法必须等到英语水平较高时,才能领略和使用。例如怎样使分句缩短为短语或单词,又怎样使复杂句变成简单句。这些都要在掌握各种句子结构之后,才能着手。

  无论如何,现在举一两个例子看看。

  ● He scanned the newspaper while he was having breakfast. → He scanned the newspaper while having breakfast.(副词分局缩为副词短语)

  ● Please show me the work which is completed. → Please show me the work completed. → Please show me the completed work.(从形容词分句缩为单词)


关键字:英语讲义
生词表:
  • revise移动到这儿单词发声 vt.修订;修改 四级词汇


文章标签:讲义    

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