用法:be
sensitive to对 …很敏感
Her reply showed that she was very
sensitive to
criticism. 她的回答表明她对批评非常敏感。
他对天气变化很敏感。He is
sensitive to the change of weather.
词组精讲:
1. to
debate on : 关于… 进行辩论
Lincoln
debated Douglas on this issue. 林肯与道格拉斯就这个问题进行了辩论。
2. to make request for :要求
He made a request for immediate help. 他要求立即给予帮助。
3. to opposed to : 反对
He is very much opposed to my going
abroad .
4. to open up : 打开,开办,开辟
We shall open up the resources of theNW areas of our country.
我们将开发我国西北地区的资源。
They are preparing to open up anational
debate. 他们正准备展开一场全国性的争论。
5 to take … into
account : 考虑到;估计
We must take local conditions into
account. 我们必须考虑到当地的条件。
You must take her inexperience into
account. 你必须考虑到她无经验而予以体谅。
相关词汇:to take …into
consideration 考虑到
6. need for : 对… 的需要
There's a growing need for cheap rentedhousing in the large cities.
大城市对廉租房的需求不断增加。
课文句子精讲
Text A
Euthanasia : For and Against
"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's alsodifficult. Those muscles are
weakening too ... we mustn't delay anylonger."
第一部分: paras.1 --- paras 4
Para. 1
1. "We mustn't delay anylonger…" 我们不可以再拖延了
mustn't 不应该,不可以
not any longer 不再,再也不 , no longer 不再
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with aserious disease, van Wendel was no longer able tospeak clearly and he knew there was no hope of
recovery and that his conditionwas rapidly deteriorating.
Para.2
2.
affected with a serious disease 为过去分词短语作原因状语;句中there was no hope of
recovery and that his condition was rapidlydeteriorating 是knew 的两个宾语从句。
本句的意思是:范o万德尔身患重病,再也不能清楚地说话。他知道他没有希望康复,身体状况正在急剧恶化。
Van Wendel'slast three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by hisdoctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.The programme has since been bought by 20 countriesand each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide
debate on the subject.
Para.3
3. Van Wendel'slast three months of life … …were filmed
不可数名词前面有单位词修饰,谓语的数与单位词的数一致。
例:Two bottles of beerwere served .
4. 句中"being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor"为被动结构的
动名词短语,用作介词 "before"的宾语。句中"film" 用作动词,表示"将故事拍成电影"。
本句的意思:范o万德尔 生命的最后三个月,在接受医生给他打的最后致命一针之前,被拍成了电影并于去年首次在荷兰电视上播出。
5. 句中"since "为副词,表示"从那以后"; each time 引导的是时间
状语从句。
本句译为:"从那时起,已有20多个国家购买了这个节目,每次播放都引起对这个问题的全国性大辩论。
The Netherlandsis the only country in Europe which permitseuthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors whocarry out euthanasia under
strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliamenttwo years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that thepatient is experiencing
extremesuffering , that there is no chance of a cure,and that the patient has made
repeated requests for euthanasia .
permits=allows
Para.4
6. which引导
定语从句修饰country , although 引导让步状语从句
it is not technically legal 根据法律是不合法的.
technically ad. 严格按法律意义地,严格遵循某些规章制度地
(备注:荷兰在2001年四月已立法)
本句译为:"尽管它根据法律是不合法的,但是荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家。"
7. who carry out euthanasia under
strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch
parliament two years ago 是定语从句修饰doctors.而其中 "introduced …. ago" 为过去分词短语作定语,修饰guidelines。介词under 在此表示"根据,按照"。
主句: doctors … … are usually not prosecuted.
本句的意思是:不过,执行安乐死的医生如果遵守荷兰议会两年前制定的严格准则,通常不会遭起诉。
8. 三个that 引导的都是demand 的
宾语从句,说明执行安乐死必须同时满足这三个条件。demand 在此表示"规定",而不是"要求"的意思,因此,其后所接
宾语从句也没有用(should)+ 动词原形的
虚拟语气形式。
本句的意思是:这些准则要求,病人必须正在经受极大的痛苦,没有制愈的可能,并且病人一再恳求安乐死。
introduce:推行
In
addition to this, a second doctormust
confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reportedto the police department.
9 a second doctor must
confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to thepolice department.
a second doctor = another doctor 另外一名医生
第二部分 para.5--- para.10
Should doctors be allowed to take thelives of others? Dr, Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor,explains how he looks at the question:
Para.5 提出问题 Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others?
10 Cees van Wendel's doctor, 是 Dr,Wilfred van Oijen的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。,谓语是 explains , how he looks at the question:是
宾语从句。
life的复数是lives
"Well, it's not as if I'm planningto murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is theworst thing 1 can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as adoctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much.That's a very different thing."
Para.6
11 as if = as though 仿佛,好像…似的
引导方式
状语从句,一般用虚拟语气,如果与事实相符,也可用陈述语气。
12 In that case , 在那种情况下 case n. 情况,事例,案例,病例
killing is the worst thing 1 canimagine. 杀人是我能想象出的最残忍的事情
Para.7 、8(两位反对安乐死的人和他们的观点)
Many people, though, are
totallyagainst the practice of euthanasia, Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of theorganization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vastmajority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is
actually asking for is somethingelse. They may want a health
professional to open up
communication for themwith their loved ones or family - there's nearly always another questionbehind the question."
13 Many people, though, are
totallyagainst the practice of euthanasia, 此句中的though = however
14 Chairman of the organizationHealthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, 是Dr. AndrewFerguson,的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。
Britainalso has a strong
tradition of hospices - special hospitals which careonly for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of theNational Hospice Council and a
founder member of the hospice
movement, arguesthat euthanasia doesn't take into
account that there are ways of caring for thedying. She is also
concerned that allowing euthanasia would
undermine the needfor care and
consideration of a wide range of people: "It's very easy insociety now for the
elderly, the disabled and the
dependent to feel that theyare burdens, and
therefore that they ought to opt out.I think that anything that
legally allows the
shortening of life does makethose people more vulnerable.
15 "president of the NationalHospice Council and a
founder member of the hospice
movement" 是Cicely Saunders 的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。
" that euthanasia doesn'ttake into
account that there are ways of caring for the dying 是argue 的宾语从句;在宾语从句中,there are ways of caring for the dying 是take 的
宾语从句。
此句的意思是:国家晚期病人收容所委员会主席和收容运动发起人茜西里?桑得斯认为安乐死没有考虑到总会有办法照顾临终病人。
16 " that anything that
legallyallows the
shortening of life does not make those people more vulnerable"句中第一个that是think 的宾语从句的引导词,that
legally allows the
shortening of life 是定语从句,修饰anything 。
vulnerable 是形容词作宾语补语
Many find this
prohibition of anindividual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life isimportant and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life shouldnot be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that peoplehave the
fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die:"What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dyingpeople haven't the right. And that when people are very ill,we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where deathis a friend. And in those cases, why not?" Para.9
17"what those people who opposeeuthanasia are telling me" 是主语从句,that dying people haven't the right 是
表语从句;在主语从句中,who oppose euthanasia 是
定语从句,修饰people. 本句的意思:那些反对安乐死的人告诉我的是临终之人没有这个权利。
and that (time) when …
18Why not 是一个省略句, 意思是:Why not help themdie?
Why not haveeuthanasia?
But "why not?" is a questionwhich might cause strong
emotion. The film showing Ceesvan Wendel's death was both moving and
sensitive. Hisdoctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband's interestsat heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particularexample to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive sucha high level of individual care and attention.
Para.10
19Some, however, would argue that itwould be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case foreuthanasia.
that 引导
宾语从句, 从句中 it 是形式主语,不定式 to use 是实际主语
20Not all patients would receive such ahigh level of individual care and attention.
并不是所有的病人都能得到如此高水平的个别护理和关照。
accept 是主动的接受
重点句
Euthanasia : For and Against
"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's alsodifficult. Those muscles are
weakening too ... we mustn't delay anylonger."
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with aserious disease, van Wendel was no longer able tospeak clearly and he knew there was no hope of
recovery and that his conditionwas rapidly deteriorating.
Van Wendel'slast three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by hisdoctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.The programme has since been bought by 20 countriesand each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide
debate on the subject.
The Netherlandsis the only country in Europe which permitseuthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors whocarry out euthanasia under
strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliamenttwo years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that thepatient is experiencing
extremesuffering , that thereis no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made
repeated requests foreuthanasia . In
addition to this, a second doctor must
confirm that thesecriteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.
Should doctors be allowed to take thelives of others? Dr, Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor,explains how he looks at the question:
"Well, it's not as if I'm planningto murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is theworst thing 1 can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as adoctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much.That's a very different thing."
Many people, though, are
totallyagainst the practice of euthanasia, Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of theorganization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vastmajority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is
actually asking for issomething else. They may want a health
professional to open up
communicationfor them with their loved ones or family - there's nearly always anotherquestion behind the question."
Britain also has a strong
tradition of hospices - special hospitalswhich care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a
founder member of the hospice
movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't takeinto
account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also
concerned that allowing euthanasia would
undermine the need for care and
consideration of a wide range of people: "It's very easy in society nowfor the
elderly, the disabled and the
dependent to feel that they are burdens,and
therefore that they ought to opt out. I think thatanything that
legally allows the
shortening of life does make those people morevulnerable.
Many find this
prohibition of anindividual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life isimportant and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life shouldnot be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that peoplehave the
fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die:"What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dyingpeople haven't the right. And that when people are veryill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations wheredeath is a friend. And in those cases, why not?"
But "why not?" is a questionwhich might cause strong
emotion. The film showing Ceesvan Wendel's death was both moving and
sensitive. Hisdoctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband's interestsat heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use thisparticular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients wouldreceive such a high level of individual care and attention.