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语 法 虚拟语气
I.语 法
虚拟语气subjunctive mood（参看上册书 P.539 Unit 18 语法）
英语的虚拟语气是用谓语动词的变化来表示说话人对事物的看法和态度，一般说的不是客观存在的事实，只是表示愿望、可能性、主观空想、推测、建议、要求或假设等。
虚拟语气的基本用法有三个方面；虚拟条件句与名词从句中的用法在上册书已经讲过，下册书中是一些补充用法。
一、非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）中，注意主句和从句的谓语动词
的搭配，下面举例说明：
1.If you had time, you should finish your homework.(虚拟的，说明现在你没有时间)
2.If I were you, I would go there.
3.If atomic bomb had not been used inWorld War II, Japenese would not have surrendered.
4.If it should rain tomorrow, what could we do?
5.If you were to come next time, I might meet you.
三种情况的主从句的谓语动词采取的虚拟形式：
条件从句
主句
违背现在
过去式
should/would +动词原形
违背过去
had+过去分词
should/would +have＋过去分词
违背未来
（1）should+动词原形
（2）were+动词不定式
should/would+动词原形
二、在名词从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句：It is(was) + 形容词+ that...should + 动词原形
It is necessary that the meeting shouldbe held tonight.
important, essential, imperative,suggested ...
宾语从句：及物动词 + that ...should + 动词原形
I suggest that the meeting should beheld tonight.
Require, request, demand, propose,insist ...
表语从句： 名词 + 系动词 + that...should + 动词原形
My suggestion is that the meetingshould be held tonight.
decision, proposal, advice, order ...
同位语从句：抽象名词 + that ...should + 动词原形
He gave the proposal that we shouldhold the meeting tonight.
三、补充用法 P.233-237
1.if only
（1）过去式表示一种假设和意愿，
（2）"would+动词原形"表示一种一时很难显示的愿望
（3）过去完成时动词表示希望和过去的事实相反的情况出现。
2.would rather /would sooner
但愿、宁愿，从句中的"that"常省略。从句中的尚未发生的动作用过去时动词表示。
动作已经发生了用过去完成时动词表示。如果跟的不是从句，后面跟原形动词。
We would rather talk about the footballor weather or what we had for lunch.
3.it's (high) time that 一般使用过去时动词。
4.lest, for fear that, in case 后面的句子中要用"should+动词原形"
5.公式化句子
6.错综时间非真实条件句，即主句的谓语和从句的谓语动词表示发生的动作在不同的时间。
7.其他
II.练 习
一、词汇英译汉：
1.classify 2.approximate 3.proportion 4.appreciation 5.acknowledge 6.alter 7.lengthen 8.wealthy 9.neglect 10.expectation
1.toapproximate to 2.resistance to 3.to cope with 4.attribute ... to
二、句子英译汉：
1.Nations are classified as"aged" when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 orabove.
2.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the olderits population is likely to be - at least , for any future that concerns usnow.
3.The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be,and greater still if you are a woman .
4.If you are now in your thirties, youought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest ofyour life after the age of 60.
5.If, however, children grow up without love and without feelings ofself-worth, they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated, takenadvantage of, and looked down upon by others.
look down upon : 看不起...； 轻视... ;
6.without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems ratherthan talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent towardthemselves and others.
7.It is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem isrecognized.
8.it is not until about the time the child enters school that outsideforces contribute to feelings about the self.
三、句子汉译英
1.老龄化已成为一个社会问题。
Aging has become a social problem.
2.人们反对这一看法来自于出生率的下降。
The resistance to the idea is caused bythe falling of birthrates.
The fall of birthrate resulted inpeople's objection to the idea.
3.人们寿命的长短取决于种种因素。
The length of life depends on variousfactors.
Expectation of life is due to variousfactors.
4.估计寿命是预计一个人能活得平均年数。
Expectation of life is the averagenumbers of years that a person is expected to live.
The expectancy of life is theprediction of average years a person can live.
5.长寿在改变我们的生活，改变我们的社会。
Long life is altering our life as wellas our society.
Long life is changing our lives,changing our society.
四、历年考题
1.Your account of what happenedyesterday approximates _____ the real facts. （99.10）
A. near
B. of
C. to
D. upon
答案：C。考点：此题考查词组approximate to 表示"与...接近"。
2.汉译英：正是由于出生率下降了，我们的社会才变得如此老龄。(99.10)
It is because the birthrate fell thatour society had grown so old.
3.Nations are _______ as "aged" when they have 7 percent or more oftheir people aged 65 or above.
A. limited
B. classified
C. originated
D. processed
(00.4)
答案：B。本题考查词组：classifyas 表示把... 列为。
4.汉译英：一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。(00.10)
The nearer a society approximates tozero population growth, the older its population is.
5.If you are now _____ , you ought to pay more attention to your health.(01.4)
A. in the fifties
B. in your fifties
C. in fifties
D. in your fifty
答案：B. 本题主要考查词组in your fifties 表示"在你50岁时"。
6.We know that we are getting evenolder, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population
Growth, the ______(old) its populationis likely to be. (01.10)
答案：older。本题主要考查"the + 形容词比较级.... the +形容词比较级"的用法。
7.In his composition there were no other errors ____ a few misspelledwords. (02.4)
A. beside
B. except
C. then
D. than
答案：D。本题主要考查词组"no other ... than "的用法，表示"除了...外，没有... "。
8.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere______(appreciate) of your help. (02.4)
答案：appreciation 。本题中sincere 是形容词，因此后面接名词。Appreciate 是动词，其名词形式是appreciation .
语 法 虚拟语气
I.语 法
虚拟语气subjunctive mood（参看上册书 P.539 Unit 18 语法）
英语的虚拟语气是用谓语动词的变化来表示说话人对事物的看法和态度，一般说的不是客观存在的事实，只是表示愿望、可能性、主观空想、推测、建议、要求或假设等。
虚拟语气的基本用法有三个方面；虚拟条件句与名词从句中的用法在上册书已经讲过，下册书中是一些补充用法。
一、非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）中，注意主句和从句的谓语动词
的搭配，下面举例说明：
1.If you had time, you should finish your homework.(虚拟的，说明现在你没有时间)
2.If I were you, I would go there.
3.If atomic bomb had not been used inWorld War II, Japenese would not have surrendered.
4.If it should rain tomorrow, what could we do?
5.If you were to come next time, I might meet you.
三种情况的主从句的谓语动词采取的虚拟形式：
条件从句
主句
违背现在
过去式
should/would +动词原形
违背过去
had+过去分词
should/would +have＋过去分词
违背未来
（1）should+动词原形
（2）were+动词不定式
should/would+动词原形
二、在名词从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句：It is(was) + 形容词+ that...should + 动词原形
It is necessary that the meeting shouldbe held tonight.
important, essential, imperative,suggested ...
宾语从句：及物动词 + that ...should + 动词原形
I suggest that the meeting should beheld tonight.
Require, request, demand, propose,insist ...
表语从句： 名词 + 系动词 + that...should + 动词原形
My suggestion is that the meetingshould be held tonight.
decision, proposal, advice, order ...
同位语从句：抽象名词 + that ...should + 动词原形
He gave the proposal that we shouldhold the meeting tonight.
三、补充用法 P.233-237
1.if only
（1）过去式表示一种假设和意愿，
（2）"would+动词原形"表示一种一时很难显示的愿望
（3）过去完成时动词表示希望和过去的事实相反的情况出现。
2.would rather /would sooner
但愿、宁愿，从句中的"that"常省略。从句中的尚未发生的动作用过去时动词表示。
动作已经发生了用过去完成时动词表示。如果跟的不是从句，后面跟原形动词。
We would rather talk about the footballor weather or what we had for lunch.
3.it's (high) time that 一般使用过去时动词。
4.lest, for fear that, in case 后面的句子中要用"should+动词原形"
5.公式化句子
6.错综时间非真实条件句，即主句的谓语和从句的谓语动词表示发生的动作在不同的时间。
7.其他
II.练 习
一、词汇英译汉：
1.classify 2.approximate 3.proportion 4.appreciation 5.acknowledge 6.alter 7.lengthen 8.wealthy 9.neglect 10.expectation
1.toapproximate to 2.resistance to 3.to cope with 4.attribute ... to
二、句子英译汉：
1.Nations are classified as"aged" when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 orabove.
2.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the olderits population is likely to be - at least , for any future that concerns usnow.
3.The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be,and greater still if you are a woman .
4.If you are now in your thirties, youought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest ofyour life after the age of 60.
5.If, however, children grow up without love and without feelings ofself-worth, they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated, takenadvantage of, and looked down upon by others.
look down upon : 看不起...； 轻视... ;
6.without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems ratherthan talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent towardthemselves and others.
7.It is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem isrecognized.
8.it is not until about the time the child enters school that outsideforces contribute to feelings about the self.
三、句子汉译英
1.老龄化已成为一个社会问题。
Aging has become a social problem.
2.人们反对这一看法来自于出生率的下降。
The resistance to the idea is caused bythe falling of birthrates.
The fall of birthrate resulted inpeople's objection to the idea.
3.人们寿命的长短取决于种种因素。
The length of life depends on variousfactors.
Expectation of life is due to variousfactors.
4.估计寿命是预计一个人能活得平均年数。
Expectation of life is the averagenumbers of years that a person is expected to live.
The expectancy of life is theprediction of average years a person can live.
5.长寿在改变我们的生活，改变我们的社会。
Long life is altering our life as wellas our society.
Long life is changing our lives,changing our society.
四、历年考题
1.Your account of what happenedyesterday approximates _____ the real facts. （99.10）
A. near
B. of
C. to
D. upon
答案：C。考点：此题考查词组approximate to 表示"与...接近"。
2.汉译英：正是由于出生率下降了，我们的社会才变得如此老龄。(99.10)
It is because the birthrate fell thatour society had grown so old.
3.Nations are _______ as "aged" when they have 7 percent or more oftheir people aged 65 or above.
A. limited
B. classified
C. originated
D. processed
(00.4)
答案：B。本题考查词组：classifyas 表示把... 列为。
4.汉译英：一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。(00.10)
The nearer a society approximates tozero population growth, the older its population is.
5.If you are now _____ , you ought to pay more attention to your health.(01.4)
A. in the fifties
B. in your fifties
C. in fifties
D. in your fifty
答案：B. 本题主要考查词组in your fifties 表示"在你50岁时"。
6.We know that we are getting evenolder, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population
Growth, the ______(old) its populationis likely to be. (01.10)
答案：older。本题主要考查"the + 形容词比较级.... the +形容词比较级"的用法。
7.In his composition there were no other errors ____ a few misspelledwords. (02.4)
A. beside
B. except
C. then
D. than
答案：D。本题主要考查词组"no other ... than "的用法，表示"除了...外，没有... "。
8.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere______(appreciate) of your help. (02.4)
答案：appreciation 。本题中sincere 是形容词，因此后面接名词。Appreciate 是动词，其名词形式是appreciation .
- atomic [ə´tɔmik]
a.原子的；原子能的 (初中英语单词) - essential [i´senʃəl] a.必需的 n.要素，要点 (初中英语单词)
- beheld [bi´held] behold的过去式(分词) (初中英语单词)
- suggestion [sə´dʒestʃən] n.建议，提议；暗示 (初中英语单词)
- proportion [prə´pɔ:ʃən] n.比率 vt.使成比例 (初中英语单词)
- healthy [´helθi] a.健康的 (初中英语单词)
- acting [´æktiŋ] a.代理的 n.演戏 (初中英语单词)
- normal [´nɔ:məl] a.正规的 n.正常状态 (初中英语单词)
- contribute [kən´tribju:t] v.贡献出；投稿；捐献 (初中英语单词)
- resistance [ri´zistəns] n.抵抗；抵制；耐力 (初中英语单词)
- objection [əb´dʒekʃən] n.反对；异议；缺点 (初中英语单词)
- account [ə´kaunt] vi.说明 vt.认为 n.帐目 (初中英语单词)
- worthless [´wə:θləs] a.无价值的 (高中英语单词)
- indifferent [in´difrənt] a.不关心的；中立的 (高中英语单词)
- composition [,kɔmpə´ziʃən] n.写作；作曲；作品 (高中英语单词)
文章标签:学英语 大学英语
章节正文
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