章节正文
文章总共2页
第一部分
Para.1
1 since 引导的是原因状语从句，定语从句we would normally use to describe a scientificphenomenon 修饰先行词the terms "术语"
inadequate = not enough
2 句中 " into which" 以及后面的 " from which" 两个都是引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a region of space"空间区域"。如果which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成"介词+which"引导的定语从句。这里注意两个搭配 fall into ; escape from
3 A black hole exerts astrong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.Itis only space - or so we think.
a strong gravitational pull 一个很强的引力 = gravity
yet = but 但是
so we think.是倒装句，"我们认为如此" ( we think so )
The theory is that some stars explodewhen their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimesa supernova occurs.From earth, a supernova looks likea very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.Supernovawere reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.Some people think that the Star of Bethlehemcould have been a supernova.The collapse of a starmay produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star - a star, whose matter is so densethat it continuallyshrinks by the force of its own gravity.Butif the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinkingmay be so intense that a black hole results.Imaginethe earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and astronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.Any matter near the black hole is sucked in.It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole.Scientists have called the boundary area around thehole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happenonce objects pass this boundary.But in theory, mattermust behave very differently inside the hole.
第二部分
Para .2
4 The theory…a supernova occurs.此句是复合句：that some stars explode when their density increases to a particularpoint 是表语从句；when their density increases to a particular point 是时间状语。
注意to a particular point 是固定搭配表示"达到某一点"
此句讲了超新星supernova产生的步骤，注意有四个不及物动词vi.的用法
explode increase collapse occur
From earth, a supernova looks like avery bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.
which 引导定语从句，修饰light
6.Some people think that the Star ofBethlehem could have been a supernova.
有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。could have + 过去分词 表示对以前发生的行为或动作的推测。
I could have told you about it, but Idon't remember it now.我可能给你说过这件事，但我现在记不得了。
7.The collapse of a star…a star, whose matter is…gravity.
whose 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰star 。 注意 so…that 的用法
8.Imagine the earth…a black hole.
该句的主要结构是"imagine… , and you …"而"reduced … to marble "和"having … pull"分别为过去分词和现在分词短语作定语，修饰the earth.
mass 质量
have some idea 略知一二
For example, if a man fell into a blackhole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However anobserver at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the centerat all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of ablack hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain suchphenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so thatthere is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all,and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. Theyare relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativitytheory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for theidea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for theirexistence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specificresearchinto black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data aboutthe 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. Andastronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual explodingstars believed to be black holes.
Para. 3
9.For example,…very quickly
本句是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。主句谓语动词用would think , if引导的条件状语从句谓语动词用过去时fell 。
10.Our space and time laws don't seemto apply to objects in the area of a black hole.
我们的时空法则似乎不适用于黑洞区内的物体。（介词短语作定语）
11.We do not yet…relativitytheory; but it is…for their existence.
yet: still
此句中的it为形式主语，实际主语为that引导的主语从句
before引导时间状语从句
12.It is only recently that astronomershave begun specificresearch into black holes.
此句是强调句，强调状语only recently. 强调结构为 It is + 被强调部分 + that …
13.a satellitewas launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thoughtto be in the Milky Way. （about引导的介词短语作定语修饰data）
which 引导定语从句修饰 holes
data 的单数为datum
14.Exploding 和believed to be black holes 均为分词作定语，修饰stars
The most convincing evidence of black holescomes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their namesuggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In somebinary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisiblecompanionstar, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter fromthe one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could thisinvisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomershave evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes ascompanions.
Para.4
15.The most…affects each other.
as 的用法，引导非限定性定语从句。修饰Binary stars "双星系"
whose 引导定语从句修饰 twin stars
16.下面的几句话中的which 用作定语从句的引导词，可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于引导非限制性定语从句。that 则不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。
The story of black holes is justbeginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive blackhole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists havesuggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy ofblack holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But thetheory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists andastronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different wayfrom our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
第三部分
Para.5
17 There might be…a very rapidrate.
swallowing up stars at a very rapidrate是现在分词短语作定语，修饰hole
at the center of our galaxy 是状语
story 比较真实的故事
fiction 不太真实的故事同义词：novel
18 They show us…space and time.
此句中which 引导限定性定语从句修饰world
注意介词 in 和 from 的用法，它们各自的搭配为 in a way和 different…from
译为：他们给我们展示了一个跟我们自己的截然不同的世界。
重点句：
1.Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we wouldnormally use to describe a scientificphenomenon are inadequate here. （第一段）
2.Astronomers and scientists think thata black hole is a region of space (not a thing ) intowhich matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. Sowe can't see a black hole. （第一段）
3.The theory is that some stars explodewhen their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimesa supernova occurs. （第二段）
4.Some people think that the Star ofBethlehem could have been a supernova. （第二段）
5.The collapse of a star may produce aWhite Dwarf or a neutron star - a star, whose matter is so dense that itcontinuallyshrinks by the force of its own gravity. （第二段）
6.Imagine the earth reduced to the sizeof a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull,and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. （第二段）
7.For example, if a man fell into ablack hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. （第三段）
8.but it isinteresting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holesbefore astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. （第三段）
9.It is only recently that astronomershave begun specificresearch into black holes. （第三段）
10.And astronomers are planning a newobservatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.（第三段）
11.Binary stars, as their namesuggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. （第四段）
12.There might be a massive black holeat the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. （第五段）
13.They show us a world which operatesin a totally different way from our own and they question our most basicexperience of space and time. （第五段）
Para.1
1 since 引导的是原因状语从句，定语从句we would normally use to describe a scientificphenomenon 修饰先行词the terms "术语"
inadequate = not enough
2 句中 " into which" 以及后面的 " from which" 两个都是引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a region of space"空间区域"。如果which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成"介词+which"引导的定语从句。这里注意两个搭配 fall into ; escape from
3 A black hole exerts astrong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.Itis only space - or so we think.
a strong gravitational pull 一个很强的引力 = gravity
yet = but 但是
so we think.是倒装句，"我们认为如此" ( we think so )
The theory is that some stars explodewhen their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimesa supernova occurs.From earth, a supernova looks likea very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.Supernovawere reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.Some people think that the Star of Bethlehemcould have been a supernova.The collapse of a starmay produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star - a star, whose matter is so densethat it continuallyshrinks by the force of its own gravity.Butif the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinkingmay be so intense that a black hole results.Imaginethe earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and astronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.Any matter near the black hole is sucked in.It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole.Scientists have called the boundary area around thehole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happenonce objects pass this boundary.But in theory, mattermust behave very differently inside the hole.
第二部分
Para .2
4 The theory…a supernova occurs.此句是复合句：that some stars explode when their density increases to a particularpoint 是表语从句；when their density increases to a particular point 是时间状语。
注意to a particular point 是固定搭配表示"达到某一点"
此句讲了超新星supernova产生的步骤，注意有四个不及物动词vi.的用法
explode increase collapse occur
From earth, a supernova looks like avery bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.
which 引导定语从句，修饰light
6.Some people think that the Star ofBethlehem could have been a supernova.
有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。could have + 过去分词 表示对以前发生的行为或动作的推测。
I could have told you about it, but Idon't remember it now.我可能给你说过这件事，但我现在记不得了。
7.The collapse of a star…a star, whose matter is…gravity.
whose 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰star 。 注意 so…that 的用法
8.Imagine the earth…a black hole.
该句的主要结构是"imagine… , and you …"而"reduced … to marble "和"having … pull"分别为过去分词和现在分词短语作定语，修饰the earth.
mass 质量
have some idea 略知一二
For example, if a man fell into a blackhole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However anobserver at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the centerat all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of ablack hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain suchphenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so thatthere is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all,and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. Theyare relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativitytheory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for theidea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for theirexistence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specificresearchinto black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data aboutthe 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. Andastronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual explodingstars believed to be black holes.
Para. 3
9.For example,…very quickly
本句是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。主句谓语动词用would think , if引导的条件状语从句谓语动词用过去时fell 。
10.Our space and time laws don't seemto apply to objects in the area of a black hole.
我们的时空法则似乎不适用于黑洞区内的物体。（介词短语作定语）
11.We do not yet…relativitytheory; but it is…for their existence.
yet: still
此句中的it为形式主语，实际主语为that引导的主语从句
before引导时间状语从句
12.It is only recently that astronomershave begun specificresearch into black holes.
此句是强调句，强调状语only recently. 强调结构为 It is + 被强调部分 + that …
13.a satellitewas launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thoughtto be in the Milky Way. （about引导的介词短语作定语修饰data）
which 引导定语从句修饰 holes
data 的单数为datum
14.Exploding 和believed to be black holes 均为分词作定语，修饰stars
The most convincing evidence of black holescomes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their namesuggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In somebinary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisiblecompanionstar, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter fromthe one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could thisinvisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomershave evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes ascompanions.
Para.4
15.The most…affects each other.
as 的用法，引导非限定性定语从句。修饰Binary stars "双星系"
whose 引导定语从句修饰 twin stars
16.下面的几句话中的which 用作定语从句的引导词，可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于引导非限制性定语从句。that 则不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。
The story of black holes is justbeginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive blackhole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists havesuggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy ofblack holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But thetheory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists andastronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different wayfrom our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
第三部分
Para.5
17 There might be…a very rapidrate.
swallowing up stars at a very rapidrate是现在分词短语作定语，修饰hole
at the center of our galaxy 是状语
story 比较真实的故事
fiction 不太真实的故事同义词：novel
18 They show us…space and time.
此句中which 引导限定性定语从句修饰world
注意介词 in 和 from 的用法，它们各自的搭配为 in a way和 different…from
译为：他们给我们展示了一个跟我们自己的截然不同的世界。
重点句：
1.Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we wouldnormally use to describe a scientificphenomenon are inadequate here. （第一段）
2.Astronomers and scientists think thata black hole is a region of space (not a thing ) intowhich matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. Sowe can't see a black hole. （第一段）
3.The theory is that some stars explodewhen their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimesa supernova occurs. （第二段）
4.Some people think that the Star ofBethlehem could have been a supernova. （第二段）
5.The collapse of a star may produce aWhite Dwarf or a neutron star - a star, whose matter is so dense that itcontinuallyshrinks by the force of its own gravity. （第二段）
6.Imagine the earth reduced to the sizeof a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull,and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. （第二段）
7.For example, if a man fell into ablack hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. （第三段）
8.but it isinteresting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holesbefore astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. （第三段）
9.It is only recently that astronomershave begun specificresearch into black holes. （第三段）
10.And astronomers are planning a newobservatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.（第三段）
11.Binary stars, as their namesuggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. （第四段）
12.There might be a massive black holeat the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. （第五段）
13.They show us a world which operatesin a totally different way from our own and they question our most basicexperience of space and time. （第五段）
- paragraph [´pærəgrɑ:f]
n.段；节 vt.将…分段 (初中英语单词) - marble [´mɑ:bəl] n.大理石 a.大理石的 (初中英语单词)
- boundary [´baundəri] n.界线，边界 (初中英语单词)
- observer [əb´zə:və] n.遵守者；观察员 (初中英语单词)
- constant [´kɔnstənt] a.坚定的；坚贞的 (初中英语单词)
- measurement [´meʒəmənt] n.测量；尺寸；宽度 (初中英语单词)
- companion [kəm´pæniən] n.同伴；同事；伴侣 (初中英语单词)
- swallow [swɔləu] n.燕子 v.吞，咽；淹没 (初中英语单词)
- operate [´ɔpəreit] v.(使)运转；操作；经营 (初中英语单词)
- research [ri´sə:tʃ] n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 (初中英语单词)
- pressure [´preʃə] n.压榨 vt.对…施压力 (初中英语单词)
- continuous [kən´tinjuəs] a.连续不断的；延长的 (初中英语单词)
- acknowledge [ək´nɔlidʒ] vt.(公开)承认；感谢 (初中英语单词)
- convince [kən´vins] vt.使确信；使认识错误 (初中英语单词)
- observation [,ɔbzə´veiʃən] n.观测；注意；意义 (初中英语单词)
- advantage [əd´vɑ:ntidʒ] n.优势；利益 (初中英语单词)
- scientific [,saiən´tifik] a.科学(上)的 (初中英语单词)
- behave [bi´heiv] v.举止；表现；举止端正 (初中英语单词)
- horizon [hə´raizən] n.地平线；范围；视野 (初中英语单词)
- energy [´enədʒi] n.活力，精力；能力 (初中英语单词)
- relative [´relətiv] a.有关系的 n.亲属 (初中英语单词)
- invisible [in´vizəbəl] a.看不见的；无形的 (初中英语单词)
- advanced [əd´vɑ:nst] a.先进的；高级的 (初中英语单词)
- existence [ig´zistəns] n.存在；生存；生活 (初中英语单词)
- astronomer [ə´strɔnəmə] n.天文学家 (高中英语单词)
- collapse [kə´læps] vi.&n.崩溃；病倒；衰败 (高中英语单词)
- daytime [´deitaim] n.白天 (高中英语单词)
- shrink [ʃriŋk] v.收缩；退缩；畏缩 (高中英语单词)
- gravity [´græviti] n.严肃；严重；重力 (高中英语单词)
- launch [lɔ:ntʃ] vt.发动 n.发射；汽艇 (高中英语单词)
- speculation [,spekju´leiʃən] n.思索，推测；投机 (高中英语单词)
- continually [kən´tinjuəli] ad.不断地，频繁地 (高中英语单词)
- phenomenon [fi´nɔminən] n.现象；奇迹；珍品 (高中英语单词)
- intense [in´tens] a.强烈的；紧张的 (高中英语单词)
- differently [´difrentli] ad.不同地，有差别地 (高中英语单词)
- specific [spi´sifik] a.具体的；特有的 (高中英语单词)
- massive [´mæsiv] a.厚实的；魁伟的 (高中英语单词)
- fiction [´fikʃən] n.小说；虚构；谎言 (高中英语单词)
- convincing [kən´vinsiŋ] a.有说服力的；有力的 (英语四级单词)
- totally [´təutəli] ad.统统，完全 (英语四级单词)
- density [´densiti] n.浓(稠)密；密度 (英语六级单词)
- implication [,impli´keiʃən] n.牵过；暗示；含蓄 (英语六级单词)
- observatory [əb´zə:vətəri] n.天文台；气象台 (英语六级单词)
- shrank [ʃræŋk] shrink的过去式 (英语六级单词)
- normally [´nɔ:məli] ad.正常情况下；通常 (英语六级单词)
- einstein [´ainstain] n.爱因斯坦 (英语六级单词)
- august [ɔ:´gʌst] a.尊严的；威严的 (英语六级单词)
- satellite [´sætəlait] n.(人造)卫星；随从 (英语六级单词)
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文章标签:学英语 大学英语
章节正文
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