第一百六十一条 依照本章程序审理的案件，实行一审终审。

"Article 161 In cases tried in accordance with the procedure provided in this Chapter, the judgment of first instance shall be final . "

选民资格案件或者重大、疑难的案件，由审判员组成合议庭审理；其他案件由审判员一人独任审理。

"A collegial panel of judges shall be formed for the trial of any case in involving the qualification of voters or of any major, difficult or complicated case; other cases shall be tried by a single judge alone."

第一百六十二条 人民法院在依照本章程序审理案件的过程中，发现本案属于民事权益争议的，应当裁定终结特别程序，并告知利害关系人可以另行起诉。

"Article 162 If a people's court, while trying a case in accordance with the procedure provided in this Chapter, finds that the case involves a civil dispute over rights and interests, it shall make a written order to terminate the special procedure and inform the interested parties to otherwise institute and action."

第一百六十三条 人民法院适用特别程序审理的案件，应当在立案之日起三十日内或者公告期满后三十日内审结。

Article 163 A people's court trying a case in which special procedure is followed shall conclude the case within 30 days after placing the case on the docket or within 30 days after expiration of the period stated in the public notice.

有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。但审理选民资格的案件除外。

" Any extension of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be subject to the approval of the president of the court, excepting, however, a case concerning the qualification of voters."

第二节 选民资格案件

Section 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of Voters

第一百六十四条 公民不服选举委员会对选民资格的申诉所作的处理决定，可以在选举日的五日以前向选区所在地基层人民法院起诉。

"Article 164 If a citizen refuses to accept an election committee's decision on an appealconcerning his voting qualification, he may, five days before the election day, bring a suit in the basic people's court located in the electoral district."

第一百六十五条 人民法院受理选民资格案件后，必须在选举日前审结。

"Article 165 After entertaining a case concerning voting qualification, a people's court must conclude the trial before the election day."

审理时，起诉人、选举委员会的代表和有关公民必须参加。

"The party who brings the suit, the representative of the election committee and other citizens concerned must participate in the proceedings."

人民法院的判决书，应当在选举日前送达选举委员会和起诉人，并通知有关公民。

The written judgment of the people's court shall be served on the election committee and the party who brings the suit before the election day; other citizens concerned shall be notified of the judgment.

第三节 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件

Section 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as Missing or Dead

第一百六十六条 公民下落不明满二年，利害关系人申请宣告其失踪的，向下落不明人住所地基层人民法院提出。

"Article 166 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full, if the interested party applies for declaring the person as missing, the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his domicile."

申请书应当写明失踪的事实、时间和请求，并附有公安机关或者其他有关机关关于该公民下落不明的书面证明。

The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance of the person missing as well as the motion; documentary evidence from a public security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to the application.

第一百六十七条 公民下落不明满四年，或者因意外事故下落不明满二年，或者因意外事故下落不明，经有关机关证明该公民不可能生存，利害关系人申请宣告其死亡的，向下落不明人住所地基层人民法院提出。

"Article 167 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for four years in full or whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full after an accident in which he was involved, or with respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown after such an accident, and, upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive, if the interested party applies for declaring such person as dead, the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his domicile."

申请书应当写明下落不明的事实、时间和请求，并附有公安机关或者其他有关机关关于该公民下落不明的书面证明。

The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance as well as the motion; documentary evidence from a public security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to the application.

第一百六十八条 人民法院受理宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件后，应当发出寻找下落不明人的公告。

"Article 168 After entertaining a case concerning the declaration of a person as missing or dead, the people's court shall issue a public notice in search of the person missing. "

宣告失踪的公告期间为三个月，宣告死亡的公告期间为一年。

"The period of the public notice for declaring a person as missing shall be three months, and that for declaring a person as dead shall be one year. "

因意外事故下落不明，经有关机关证明该公民不可能生存的，宣告死亡的公告期间为三个月。

"Where a citizen's whereabouts are unknown after an accident in which he was involved and, upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive, the period of the public notice for proclaiming such person as dead shall be three months."

公告期间届满，人民法院应当根据被宣告失踪、宣告死亡的事实是否得到确认，作出宣告失踪、宣告死亡的判决或者驳回申请的判决。

"On the expiration of the period of the public notice, the people's court shall, depending on whether the fact of the missing or death of the person has been confirmed, make a judgment declaring the person missing or dead or make a judgment rejecting the application."

第一百六十九条 被宣告失踪、宣告死亡的公民重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法院应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。

"Article 169 If a person who has been declared missing or dead by a people's court reappears, the people's court shall, upon the application of that person or of an interested party, make a new judgment and annul the previous one."

第四节 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件

Section 4 Cases Concerning the Adjudgment of Legal Incapacity or Restricted Legal Capacity of Citizens

第一百七十条 申请认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力，由其近亲属或者其他利害关系人向该公民住所地基层人民法院提出。

Article 170 An application for adjudgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen shall be filed by the citizen's near relatives or any other interested party with the basic people's court in the locality where the citizen has his domicile.

申请书应当写明该公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的事实和根据。

The application shall clearly state the fact and grounds of the citizen's legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity.

第一百七十一条 人民法院受理申请后，必要时应当对被请求认定为无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的公民进行鉴定。

"Article 171 After accepting such an application, the people's court shall, when necessary, have an expert evaluation of the citizen of whom the determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity is sought; "

申请人已提供鉴定结论的，应当对鉴定结论进行审查。

"if the applicant has already provided an evaluation conclusion, the people's court shall examine such conclusion."

第一百七十二条 人民法院审理认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的案件，应当由该公民的近亲属为代理人，但申请人除外。

"Article 172 In the trial by the people's court of a case for the determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen, a near relative of the citizen shall be his agent, the applicant being excluded."

近亲属互相推诿的，由人民法院指定其中一人为代理人。

"If the near relatives of the citizen shift responsibility onto one another, the people's court shall appoint one of them as agent for the citizen. "

该公民健康情况许可的，还应当询问本人的意见。

"If the citizen's condition of health permits, the people's court shall also seek the opinion of the citizen on the matter."

人民法院经审理认定申请有事实根据的，判决该公民为无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力人；认定申请没有事实根据的，应当判决予以驳回。

"If, through the trial, the people's court finds that the application is based on facts, a judgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of the citizen shall be made; if the court finds that the application is not based on facts, it shall make a judgment rejecting the application."

第一百七十三条 人民法院根据被认定为无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人或者他的监护人的申请，证实该公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的原因已经消除的，应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。

"Article 173 If, upon the application of a person who has been determined as one of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity or upon the application of his guardian, the people's court confirms that the causes of that person's legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity have been eliminated, a new judgment shall be made annulling the previous one."

第五节 认定财产无主案件

Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as Ownerless

第一百七十四条 申请认定财产无主，由公民、法人或者其他组织向财产所在地基层人民法院提出。

"Article 174 An application for determining a property as ownerless shall be filed by a citizen, legal person or any other organization with the basic people's court in the place where the property is located."

申请书应当写明财产的种类、数量以及要求认定财产无主的根据。

The application shall clearly state the type and quantity of the property and the grounds on which the application for determining the property as ownerless is filed.

第一百七十五条 人民法院受理申请后，经审查核实，应当发出财产认领公告。

"Article 175 The people's court shall, after accepting such an application and upon examination and verification of it, issue a public notice calling on the owner to claim the property. "

公告满一年无人认领的，判决认定财产无主，收归国家或者集体所有。

"If no one claims the property one year after the issue of the public notice, the people's court shall make a judgment determining the property as ownerless and turn it over to the State or the collectiveconcerned."

第一百七十六条 判决认定财产无主后，原财产所有人或者继承人出现，在民法通则规定的诉讼时效期间可以对财产提出请求，人民法院审查属实后，应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。

"Article 176 If, after a property has been determined by a judgment as ownerless, the owner of the property or his successor appears, such a person may file a claim for the property within the period of limitation specified in the General Principles of the Civil Law. The people's court shall, after examination and verification of the claim, make a new judgment, annulling the previous one."

第二编 审判程序 第十六章 审判监督程序

Chapter XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision

第一百七十七条 各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现确有错误，认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会讨论决定。

"Article 177 If the president of a people's court at any level finds definite error in a legally effective judgment or written order of his court and deems it necessary to have the case retried, he shall refer it to the judicial committee for discussion and decision."

最高人民法院对地方各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现确有错误的，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。

"If the Supreme People's Court finds definite error in a legally effective judgement or written order of a local people's court at any level, or if a people's court at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or written order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall respectively have the power to bring the case up for trial by itself or direct the people's court at a lower level to conduct a retrial."

第一百七十八条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为有错误的，可以向原审人民法院或者上一级人民法院申请再审，但不停止判决、裁定的执行。

"Article 178 If a party to an action considers that there is error in a legally effective judgment or written order, he may apply to the people's court which originally tried the case or to a people's court at the next higher level for a retrial; however, execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended."

第一百七十九条 当事人的申请符合下列情形之一的，人民法院应当再审：

"Article 179 If an application made by a party meets any of the following conditions, the people's court shall retry the case: "

（一）有新的证据，足以推翻原判决、裁定的；

(1) there is sufficient new evidence to set aside the original judgment or written order;

（二）原判决、裁定认定事实的主要证据不足的；

(2) the main evidence on which the facts were ascertained in the original judgment or written order was insufficient;

（三）原判决、裁定适用法律确有错误的；

(3) there was definite error in the application of the law in the original judgment or written order;

（四）人民法院违反法定程序，可能影响案件正确判决、裁定的；

(4) there was violation by the people's court of the legal procedure which may have affected the correctness of the judgment or written order in the case;

（五）审判人员在审理该案件时有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的。

"or (5) the judicial officers have committed embezzlement, accepted bribes, done malpractices for personal benefits and perverted the law in the adjudication of the case."

人民法院对不符合前款规定的申请，予以驳回。

The people's court shall reject the application that meets none of the conditions specified above.

第一百八十条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的调解书，提出证据证明调解违反自愿原则或者调解协议的内容违反法律的，可以申请再审。

"Article 180 With respect to a legally effective conciliation statement, if evidence furnished by a party proves that the conciliation violates the principle of voluntariness or that the content of the conciliation agreement violates the law, the party may apply for a retrial."

经人民法院审查属实的，应当再审。

" If the foregoing proves true after its examination, the people's court shall retry the case."