第一百二十一条 人民法院审理民事案件，根据需要进行巡回审理，就地办案。

"Article 121 For civil cases, the people's court shall, whenever necessary, go on circuit to hold trials on the spot."

第一百二十二条 人民法院审理民事案件，应当在开庭三日前通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人。公开审理的，应当公告当事人姓名、案由和开庭的时间、地点。

"Article 122 For civil cases, the people's court shall notify the parties and other participants in the proceedings three days before the opening of a court session. If a case is to be tried in public, the names of the parties, the cause of action and the time and location of the court session shall be announced publicly."

第一百二十三条 开庭审理前，书记员应当查明当事人和其他诉讼参与人是否到庭，宣布法庭纪律。

"Article 123 Before a court session is called to order, the court clerk shall ascertain whether or not the parties and other participants in the proceedings are present and announce the rules of order of the court."

开庭审理时，由审判长核对当事人，宣布案由，宣布审判人员、书记员名单，告知当事人有关的诉讼权利义务，询问当事人是否提出回避申请。

"At the beginning of a court session, the presiding judge shall check the parties present, announce the cause of action and the names of the judicial officers and court clerks, inform the parties of their relevant litigation rights and obligations and ask the parties whether or not they wish to apply for the withdrawal of any court personnel."

第一百二十四条 法庭调查按照下列顺序进行：

Article 124 Court investigation shall be conducted in the following order:

（一）当事人陈述；

(1) statements by the parties;

（二）告知证人的权利义务，证人作证，宣读未到庭的证人证言；

"(2) informing the witnesses of their rights and obligations, giving testimony by the witnesses and reading of the written statements of absentee witnesses; "

（三）出示书证、物证和视听资料；

"(3) presentation of documentary evidence, material evidence and audio-visual material; "

（四）宣读鉴定结论；

(4) reading of expert conclusions;

（五）宣读勘验笔录。

and (5) reading of records of inspection.

第一百二十五条 当事人在法庭上可以提出新的证据。

Article 125 The parties may present new evidence during a court session.

当事人经法庭许可，可以向证人、鉴定人、勘验人发问。

"With the permission of the court, the parties may put questions to witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors."

当事人要求重新进行调查、鉴定或者勘验的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。

"Any request by the parties concerned for a new investigation, expert evaluation or inspection shall be subject to the approval of the people's court."

第一百二十六条 原告增加诉讼请求，被告提出反诉，第三人提出与本案有关的诉讼请求，可以合并审理。

"Article 126 Additional claims by the plaintiff, counterclaims by the defendant and third-party claims related to the case may be tried in combination."

第一百二十七条 法庭辩论按照下列顺序进行：

Article 127 Court debate shall be conducted in the following order:

（一）原告及其诉讼代理人发言；

(1) oral statements by the plaintiff and his agents ad litem;

（二）被告及其诉讼代理人答辩；

(2) defence by the defendant and his agents ad litem;

（三）第三人及其诉讼代理人发言或者答辩；

(3) oral statement or defence by the third party and his agents ad litem;

（四）互相辩论。

(4) debate between the two sides.

法庭辩论终结，由审判长按照原告、被告、第三人的先后顺序征询各方最后意见。

"At the end of the court debate, the presiding judge shall ask each side, first the plaintiff, then the defendant, and then the third party, for their final opinion respectively."

第一百二十八条 法庭辩论终结，应当依法作出判决。

"Article 128 At the end of the court debate, a judgment shall be made according to the law. "

判决前能够调解的，还可以进行调解，调解不成的，应当及时判决。

"Where conciliation is possible prior to the rendering of a judgment, conciliation efforts may be made; if conciliation proves to be unsuccessful, a judgment shall be made without delay."

第一百二十九条 原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以按撤诉处理；被告反诉的，可以缺席判决。

"Article 129 If a plaintiff, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, or if he withdraws during a court session without the permission of the court, the case may be considered as withdrawn by him; if the defendant files a counterclaim in the mean time, the court may make a judgment by default."

第一百三十条 被告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以缺席判决。

"Article 130 If a defendant, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, or if he withdraws during a court session without the permission of the court, the court may make a judgment by default."

第一百三十一条 宣判前，原告申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁定。

"Article 131 If a plaintiff applies for withdrawal of the case before the judgment is pronounced, the people's court shall decide whether to approve or disapprove it. "

人民法院裁定不准许撤诉的，原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判决。

"If withdrawal of the case is not allowed by an order of the people's court, and the plaintiff, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, the people's court may make a judgment by default."

第一百三十二条 有下列情形之一的，可以延期开庭审理：

"Article 132 Under any of the following circumstances, the trial may be adjourned: "

（一）必须到庭的当事人和其他诉讼参与人有正当理由没有到庭的；

(1) the parties concerned and other participants in the proceedings required to appear in court fail to do so for justified reasons;

（二）当事人临时提出回避申请的；

(2) any party concerned makes an extempore application for the withdrawal of a judicial officer;

（三）需要通知新的证人到庭，调取新的证据，重新鉴定、勘验，或者需要补充调查的；

"or (3) it is necessary to summon new witnesses to court, collect new evidence, make a new expert evaluation, new inspection, or to make a supplementary investigation; "

（四）其他应当延期的情形。

or (4) other circumstances that warrant the adjournment.

第一百三十三条 书记员应当将法庭审理的全部活动记入笔录，由审判人员和书记员签名。

"Article 133 The court clerk shall make a written record of the entire court proceedings, which shall be signed by him and the judicial officers."

法庭笔录应当当庭宣读，也可以告知当事人和其他诉讼参与人当庭或者在五日内阅读。

"The court record shall be read out in court, or else the parties and other participants in the proceedings may be notified to read the record while in court or within five days. "

当事人和其他诉讼参与人认为对自己的陈述记录有遗漏或者差错的，有权申请补正。

"If they consider that there are omissions or errors in the record of their own statements, the parties or other participants in the proceedings shall have the right to apply for rectifications."

如果不予补正，应当将申请记录在案。

" If such rectifications are not made, the application shall be placed on record in the case file."

法庭笔录由当事人和其他诉讼参与人签名或者盖章。拒绝签名盖章的，记明情况附卷。

The court record shall be signed or sealed by the parties and other participants in the proceedings. Refusal to do so shall be put on record in the case file.

第一百三十四条 人民法院对公开审理或者不公开审理的案件，一律公开宣告判决。

"Article 134 The people's court shall publicly pronounce its judgment in all cases, whether publicly tried or not."

当庭宣判的，应当在十日内发送判决书；定期宣判的，宣判后立即发给判决书。

"If a judgment is pronounced in court, the written judgment shall be issued and delivered within ten days; if a judgment is pronounced later on a fixed date, the written judgment shall be issued and given immediately after the pronouncement."

宣告判决时，必须告知当事人上诉权利、上诉期限和上诉的法院。

"Upon pronouncement of a judgment, the parties concerned must be informed of their right to file an appeal, the time limit for appeal and the court to which they may appeal."

宣告离婚判决，必须告知当事人在判决发生法律效力前不得另行结婚。

"Upon pronouncement of a divorce judgment, the parties concerned must be informed not to remarry before the judgment takes legal effect."

第一百三十五条 人民法院适用普通程序审理的案件，应当在立案之日起六个月内审结。

"Article 135 A people's court trying a case in which the ordinary procedure is followed, shall conclude the case within six months after docketing the case. "

有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准，可以延长六个月；还需要延长的，报请上级人民法院批准。

"Where an extension of the period is necessary under special circumstances, a six-month extension may be allowed subject to the approval of the president of the court. Further extension, if needed, shall be reported to the people's court at a higher level for approval."

第四节 诉讼中止和终结

Section 4 Suspension and Termination of Legal Proceedings

第一百三十六条 有下列情形之一的，中止诉讼：

Article 136 Legal proceedings shall be suspended in any of the following circumstances:

（一）一方当事人死亡，需要等待继承人表明是否参加诉讼的；

(1) one of the parties dies and it is necessary to wait for the heir or heiress to make clear whether to participate or not in the proceedings;

（二）一方当事人丧失诉讼行为能力，尚未确定法定代理人的；

(2) one of the parties has lost the capacity to engage in litigation and his agent ad item has not been designated yet;

（三）作为一方当事人的法人或者其他组织终止，尚未确定权利义务承受人的；

"(3) the legal person or any other organization as one of the parties has dissolved, and the successor to its rights and obligations has not been determined yet;"

（四）一方当事人因不可抗拒的事由，不能参加诉讼的；

(4) one of the parties is unable to participate in the proceedings for reasons of force majeure;

（五）本案必须以另一案的审理结果为依据，而另一案尚未审结的；

(5) the adjudication of the case pending is dependent on the results of the trial of another case that has not yet been concluded;

（六）其他应当中止诉讼的情形。

or (6) other circumstances that warrant the suspension of the litigation.

中止诉讼的原因消除后，恢复诉讼。

The proceedings shall resume after the causes of the suspension have been eliminated.

第一百三十七条 有下列情形之一的，终结诉讼：

Article 137 Legal proceedings shall be terminated in any of the following circumstances:

（一）原告死亡，没有继承人，或者继承人放弃诉讼权利的；

"(1) the plaintiff dies without a successor, or the successor waives the right to litigate;"

（二）被告死亡，没有遗产，也没有应当承担义务的人的；

" (2) the decedent leaves no estate, nor anyone to succeed to his obligations; "

（三）离婚案件一方当事人死亡的；

(3) one of the parties in a divorce case dies;

（四）追索赡养费、扶养费、抚育费以及解除收养关系案件的一方当事人死亡的。

" or (4) one of the parties dies who is a claimant to alimony, support for elders or children or to the termination of adoptive relationship."

第五节 判决和裁定

Section 5 Judgment and Order

第一百三十八条 判决书应当写明：

Article 138 A judgment shall clearly set forth the following:

（一）案由、诉讼请求、争议的事实和理由；

"(1) cause of action, the claims, facts and cause or causes of the dispute; "

（二）判决认定的事实、理由和适用的法律依据；

(2) the facts and causes as found in the judgment and the basis of application of the law;

（三）判决结果和诉讼费用的负担；

(3) the outcome of adjudication and the costs to be borne;

（四）上诉期间和上诉的法院。

and (4) the time limit for filing an appeal and the appellate court with which the appeal may be filed.

判决书由审判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。

"The judgment shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk, with the seal of the people's court affixed to it."

第一百三十九条 人民法院审理案件，其中一部分事实已经清楚，可以就该部分先行判决。

"Article 139 If some of the facts in a case being tried by the people's court are already evident, the court may pass judgment on that part of the case first."

第一百四十条 裁定适用于下列范围：

Article 140 An order in writing is to be made in any of the following conditions:

（一）不予受理；

(1) refusal to entertain a case;

（二）对管辖权有异议的；

(2) objection to the jurisdiction of a court;

（三）驳回起诉；

(3) rejection of a complaint;

（四）财产保全和先予执行；

(4) property preservation and advance execution;

（五）准许或者不准许撤诉；

(5) approval or disapproval of withdrawal of a suit;

（六）中止或者终结诉讼；

(6) suspension or termination of legal proceedings;

（七）补正判决书中的笔误；

(7) correction of errata in the judgment;

（八）中止或者终结执行；

(8) suspension or termination of execution;

（九）不予执行仲裁裁决；

(9) refusal to enforce an arbitration award;

（十）不予执行公证机关赋予强制执行效力的债权文书；

(10) refusal to enforce a document of a notary office evidencing the rights of a creditor and entitling him to its compulsoryexecution;

（十一）其他需要裁定解决的事项。

(11) other matters to be decided in the form of an order in writing.

对前款第（一）、（二）、（三）项裁定，可以上诉。

"An appeal may be lodged against an order in writing in Items (1), (2) and (3) mentioned above."

裁定书由审判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。口头裁定的，记入笔录。

"An order in writing shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk, with the seal of the people's court affixed to it. If it is issued orally, the order shall be entered in the record."