Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
Text A
P.105
第一段：
The New Music
1. The new music was built out of materials already in existence: blues, rock's roll, folk music.
此句中 out of 表示"用、用...材料做"。
2. But although the forms remained, something completely new and original was made out of these older elements--more original, perhaps, than even the new musicians themselves yet realize.
remain 意思是"依旧、没有变化"；completely new and original 是 something 的后置定语。
3. The transformation took place in 1966-1967.
take place 意为"发生"，该词组只有主语，没有宾语，只用于主动，而不用于被动。
4. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium.
up to that time 意思是"到那时为止"，所修饰动词用过去完成时态；up to now 表示"到现在为止"， 所修饰动 词用现在完成时态。
5. Rock'n'roll, a blues derivative, was rhythmic dance music.
a blues derivative 是 rock'n'roll 的同位语成分。
6. Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. 7. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness.
该句是以 and 连接的并列句， 第一分句是主系表结构； distinct 意思是"有特色的、 独特的"； 第二分句中 as late
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Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
as 1965 译为"直到 1965 年"，比较：as early as（早在） ；不定代词 none 指"（三者或三者以上当中）任何一个都不 "，若表示"（两者当中）任何一个都不"，则用不定代词 neither；当 none 作句子主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式， 也可用复数形式。但 neither 作主语时，谓语动词只可用单数形式。
8. Blues expressed black soul; rock was the beat of youthfulenergy; and folk music expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope.
该句由三个并列分句构成；第三分句中 as well as 意思是"不仅...而且..."。 第二段：
1. In 1966-1967 there was spontaneoustransformation.
该句可理解为句末省略了 in music。
2. In the United States, it originated with youthful rock groups playing in San Francisco.
it 指 the transformation in music；动词短语 originate with 亦作 originate in 或 originate from，意思是"源自"； playing in San Francisco 是现在分词短语，作定语。
3. In England, it was led by the Beatles, who were already established as an extremely fine and highly individual rock group.
the Beatles 可音译为"披头士乐队"，亦可意译为"甲壳虫乐队"；individual 在此句中意思是"有自己特色的"。
4. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this.
as well as it can be put into words 意思是"如果尽可能清楚地用言语表达出来"；this 是后指代词，指下文所述 音乐转变的三个方面。
5. First, the separate musical traditions were brought together. 6. Bob Dylan and the Jefferson Airplane played folk rock, folk ideas with a rock beat.
folk ideas with a rock beat 是 folk rock 的同位语成分。
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Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
7. White rock groups began experimenting with the blues.
experiment with 意思是"试验、试试"。
8. Of course, white musicians had always played the blues, but essentially as imitators of the Negro style; now it began to be the white band's own music.
该句第一分句使用的是过去完成时态，表示在音乐转变以前发生的事。
9. And all of the groups moved towards a broader eclecticism and synthesis. 10. They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources.
take over 原义是"接管、接任"，这里指"（从...中）吸收、吸取"；from jazz，from American country music 和 from even more diverse sources 是并列的三个介词短语，同时修饰前面的 took over elements。
11. What developed was music readilytaking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.
take on 意思是"具有、呈现"；capable of 是固定搭配，通常表示"能、能胜任"；此句中 taking on ...和 capable of ...是并列关系，作 a music 的定语成分。
P.106
第二段：
1. The second thing that happened was that all the musical groups began using the full range of electric instruments and the technology of electronic amplifiers.
that happened 是定语从句， 修饰前面的 the second thing， 因为有序数词， 关系代词只能用 that， 而不可用 which； 在以下５种情况下，关系代词只能使用 that，而不能使用 which：
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Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
2. The electric guitar was an old instrument, but the new electronic effects were altogether different--so different that a new listener in 1967 might well fell that there had never been any sounds like that in the world before.
so ... that ...意思是"如此...以致于..."。
3. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce.
make possible sounds that ...中，make 是动词，意思是"使"，sounds that ...是宾语，possible 是宾语补足语， 因为宾语太长，故宾补前置；that ...是定语从句，修饰 sounds；up to that time 是后置定语，修饰 instrument，意 思是"到那时为止的、当时的"。
4. And in studio recordings, new techniques made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live.
made possible effects that
5. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a "total" effect, so that instead of an audience of passivelisteners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones.
该句较长，结构也较复杂：句子主要结构是 Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume，后面 the music becoming as ...ear could stand, and thereby achieving a "total" effect 是独立主格结构，充当 句子的状语成分，so that 引导结果状语从句。 第三段：
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Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
1. Third, the music becomes a multi-media experience; a part of a total environment. 2. The walls of the ballrooms were covered with changing patterns of light, the beginning of the new art of the light show.
be covered with 意思是"覆盖着"；the beginning of the new art of the light show 是 changing patterns of light 的同 位语。
3. And the audience did not sit, it danced. 4. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could, and heightened the whole experience by using drugs.
with records at home 由"with + 名词 + 介词短语"构成，是含有 with 的独立结构；as best one can / could 意思 是"尽某人所能"。
5. Often music was played out of doors, where nature provided the environment.
out of doors 意为"在户外、在露天"。
Text B
P.117
第一段：
Different Types of Composers
1. I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.
each of whom 引导的是非限制性定语从句，当出现"名词 / 数词 / 代词 + of + 关系代词"时，所引导的一定 是非限制性定语从句。 第二段：
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Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
1. The type that has fired public imagination most is that of the spontaneously inspired composer--the Franz Schubert type, in other words.
that 是代词，代替 the type；in other words 意思是"换句话说、也就是"。
2. All composers are inspired, of course, but this type is more spontaneously inspired.
of course 意为"当然"。
3. Music simply wells out of him.
well 在此处是动词，意思是"流出、涌出"。
4. He can't get it down on paper fast enough.
get ... down (on paper)意思是"（在纸上）把...记录下来"。
5. You can almost tell this type of composer by his fruitful output.
tell ... by ...意为"根据...判别..."。
6. In certain months, Schubert wrote a song a day.
certain 意思是"某些"。
7. Hugo Wolf did the same.
第三段：
1. In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme as with a completed composition.
in a sense 意为"在某种意义上"；not so much ... as ...意思是"与其说...还不如说..."，有时亦作 not ... so much as ...或 more ... than ...，但是，more ... than ...的结构与前两者的结构相反。本句也可写成：In a sense, men of this kind begin more with a completed composition than with a musical theme.
2. They invariably work best in the shorter forms.
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Unit 5(第 11----12 讲)
invariably 由 vary 派生而来，相当于 always。
3. It is much easier to improvise a song than it is to improvise a symphony.
much 在此修饰比较级 easier，可替换为 far，a lot 或 a great deal 等等。
4. It isn't easy to be inspired in that spontaneous way for long periods at a stretch.
at a stretch 意思是"连续不断地"。
5. Even Schubert was more successful in handling the shorter forms of music.
be successful in"在...方面成功"。
6. The spontaneously inspired man is only one type of composer, with his own limitations.
第四段：
1. Beethoven belongs to the second type--the constructive type, one might call it.
belong to 意思是"属于"；one might call it 是插入语。
2. This type serves as an example of my theory of the creative process in music better than any other, because in this case the composer really does begin with a musical theme.
serve as 亦作 serve for，意思是"作...之用、起...作用、担任"；begin with 表示"以...而开始"。