《大学》中英文版

第十九节 宜兄宜弟篇

『1』诗云，「桃之夭夭，其叶蓁蓁，之子於归，宜其家人。」宜其家人，而後可以教国人。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "That peach tree, so delicate and elegant! How luxuriant is its foliage! This girl is going to her husband's house. She will rightly order her household." Let the household be rightly ordered, and then the people of the state may be taught.

『2』诗云，「宜兄宜弟。」宜兄宜弟，而後可以教国人。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "They can discharge their duties to their elder brothers. They can discharge their duties to their younger brothers." Let the ruler discharge his duties to his elder and younger brothers, and then he may teach the people of the state.

『3』诗云，「其仪不忒，正是四国。」其为父子兄弟足法，而後民法之也。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "In his deportment there is nothing wrong; he rectifies all the people of the state." Yes; when the ruler, as a father, a son, and a brother, is a model, then the people imitate him.

『4』此谓治国，在齐其家。

This is what is meant by saying, "The government of his kingdom depends on his regulation of the family."

【原文】

《诗》云："桃之夭夭，其叶蓁蓁。之子于归，宜其家人"宜其家人，而后可以教国人。《诗》云："宜兄宜弟"。宜兄宜弟，而后可以教国人。《诗》云："其仪不忒，正是四国。"其为父子兄弟足法，而后民法之也。此谓治国在齐其家。

【注释】

夭夭- 音，要要。形容：鲜嫩，美丽。

蓁蓁- 音，真真。茂盛的样子。

仪- 指威仪。

忒- 音，特。差错。

【现代解说】

这段文章，从字义上讲大致是这样的：《诗经》说："美丽的桃花，又嫩又美，它的叶子茂密而可爱。这个姑娘就要出嫁了，她使的全家老小都十分的愉快。"（这里比喻）一个有能力先使家族愉快和乐的人，然后才能有资格去治理好国家和人民；《诗经》上又说："要让兄长愉快，也让弟弟愉快。"能让兄长愉快，也能让弟弟愉快的人，然后才能有资格去治理国家和人民；《诗经》上又说："仪容威仪、严肃、恭敬而又没有差错，才能成为全国的表率。"所以，无论是做父亲的、还是做儿子的、还是做兄长的、还是做弟弟的，必须要求他们各自都能成为表率榜样人物，这样平民百姓才能去效法他。这就是治理国家首先从安定家族做起的道理。

扩而论之，用今天的思维来理解上文的内涵，可以这样讲：家庭、家族，乃之单位是国家的细胞组织，只有每个细胞组织中的每一分子，都能互为融洽、相互间以对方为重、相互你敬我让，都用这种思维来处世做人，使每一个家庭和乐，每一个单位团结，只有这样才能形成和谐社会的基础。只有在每个家庭、单位都能和谐的基础上，才可以谈得上治理国家。因为只有国之基础好，国家整体才能自然好。
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