Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
Text A
Leisure and Leadership
P.160
第一段：
1. Observations and research findings indicate that people in advancedindustrial societies are increasinglyconcerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time.
be concerned with 意思是"关心、关切、关注"，后接两个并列的宾语 opportunities for leisure 和 what they can do ...；increasingly 是副词，在此处相当于 more and more，意思是"越来越"。
2. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.
该句主要结构是"The importance and the rapid development are signs."这是主系表结构，主语的第一个名词 the importance 后接定语从句，第二个名词 the rapid development 后接介词短语作定语，表语名词 signs 后接介词短语 作定语；attach importance to 意思是"重视"；increasing 是形容词，修饰名词 concern（关注） ，意思是"越来越多的 "。 第二段：
1. The term "quality of life" is difficult to define.
difficult 后接 to do，表示被动意义，不必说成 difficult to be done；类似的还有 easy, hard, simple 等形容词。
2. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on.
such as 意思是"例如"；and so on 表示"等等"。
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
3. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.
generally speaking 意思是"一般说来"；in terms of 意为"在...方面、根据"；to which 引导定语从句，修饰 the degree；degree 和 extent 前面常用介词 to 搭配。 第三段：
1. As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time, leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development.
句首的 as 是介词，意思是"作为"；carry out 是固定词组，意思是"进行、执行、实行、履行、完成"；carried out ... one's spare time 是过去分词短语， 修饰 activity， 该分词短语中， one thinks fit 是方式状语从句， as during one's spare time 介词短语，作时间状语。
2. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style.
该句主语是 The importance of these (functions)，谓语动词是 varies。
3. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.
who 引导定语从句，修饰 people，定语从句中的动词 exert 意思是"运用、行使、施加、发挥、尽（力）"， 常出现 exert efforts / strength / pressure / influence ...搭配；该句主要成分是 people will find relaxation most desirable，其中 most desirable 是宾语补足语成分，find 相当于 feel，译为"觉得"
4. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.
tend to 意思是"倾向于、往往会"。
P.161
第二段：
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
1. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
vary from ... to ...意思是"因...而异"，vary 常与 from ... to ...搭配；vary from individual to individual 也可 作 vary from one individual to another。
2. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by diffrent individuals. 3. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.
a popular leisure activity 是 television watching 的同位语成分； 冒号后面的内容是 the following 的同位语成分； learn about 意思是"了解"。 第三段：
1. In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life.
In an urban society in which ... looms large in life 是介词短语作地点状语，其中 in which 引导定语从句，修饰 society；sth
loom large (in
...)意思是"某事笼罩心头、压在心上"；该句主要结构是 experiences of a different
nature can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life，其中 lead to 意思是"导致、引起"；be it television watching or bird-watching 是让步状语从句，因为 whether 被省略而倒装，本应为 whether it is television watching or bird-watching； 当出现 whether + 主语 + is / are ... or ...时， 可将 whether 省略， / are 置于句首并改为原形 be, 整 is 个从句改为倒装结构。 第四段：
1. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
take to 意思是"培养、从事"；get involved in 意思是"从事、参与"。 第五段：
1. Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences.
本句主要结构是：Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. 主语后面有 that 引导的定语从句， 从句中 such activities as ...意思是"诸如...的活动"； such + n. + as ... = n. + such as ... = n. + like ...；谓语 be related to 表示"与...有关"。
2. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media.
acquire interests in 相当于 get interests in（获得对...的兴趣） variety of 意思是"多种多样的、各种各样的"。 ；a
3. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
amount to 意思是"相当于、等于、成为、总计、合计"；a recognition 和 a belief 分别有 that 引导的同位语从 句；put ... to (good) use 意思是"（好好地）利用..."。
P.162
第一段：
1. Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impartpositiveleisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.
that 引导的宾语从句中， 不定式短语 to impartpositiveleisure attitudes to the general public 在从句中充当主语， is essential 是系表结构。
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
2. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
it 是形式主语，that 引导主语从句，从句中又有 with whom 引导定语从句，修饰 the people；come into contact with sb 表示"接触某人"；be likely to do sth 意思是"可能"，该句中的 likely 不可替换为 possible 或 probable；试比 较：
3. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.
第二段：
1. Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests.
be capable of 意思是"能够、能胜任"；arouse 是及物动词，意思是"唤起、唤发、激起"。试比较：arouse，arise （不及物动词，意思是"出现、发生"） ，raise（及物动词，意思是"提高"） ，rise（不及物动词，意思是"增加、提 高"）
2. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
the degree 后面有 to which 引导定语从句，the ways 后面有 in which 引导定语从句，因为 degree 和 way 前面 的介词分别用 to 和 in； likely to 表示"可能"； be contribute to 意思是"促使、 促进、 有助于"； the part of sb = on sb's on part 意为"就...而言、从...方面来说、在...方面"。 第三段：
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
1. Schools usually set as their educationalobjective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.
set ... as ... objective 意思是"把...定为 / 确立为...的目标"； 该句中 set 的宾语是 the attainment of a balanced development of the person，宾语补足语成分 as their educationalobjective 前置。
2. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.
The more ..., the more ...是一固定句型，表示"越...，越..."；this 指代 their educationalobjective；此句中的 academic work 指教学活动。
Text B
P.173
第一段：
The Time Message
1. You may have been exposed to this idea before, but this time by to hear.
"may + have + 过去分词"表示对过去的一种推测，亦作"might + have + 过去分词"，情态动词 may / might 在 此结构中译为"也许"；be exposed to 意思是"接触"。
2. There is a message that is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear. 第一分句中 that 引导定语从句修饰 message；第二分句中 get through (to sb)表示"到达（某人） "， 前面省略了 should， get 是虚拟语气； 当出现下列句型时， 从句中动词用虚拟语气结构(should) that do：
It is important / necessary / essential / imperative / advisable / desirable / natural ... that + 主语 + (should) do + ...
3. The message?
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
该句是一简略疑问句，相当于 What is the message? 第二段：
1. Time management!
该句是"The message is time management."之省略。 第三段：
1. Time is elusive and tricky. 2. It is the easiest thing in the world to waste--the most difficult to control.
该句有两个不定式短语：to waste 和 to control，都是以主动式表示被动意义。
3. When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need.
it may appear 相当于 it may seem，后面省略了 that。
4. Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand.
slip through one's fingers 意思是"从手中悄然流逝 / 溜掉"，常用来形容时间或机会。
5. You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations.
to stretch ...是不定式短语， 作定语， 修饰前面的 way； cover all your obligations 意思是 to finish all your tasks， to 该不定式短语是目的状语。
6. For example, as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands.
look ahead to 意思是"向前看、展望未来"。
7. But toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out.
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
run out 意为"用完、用光"，试比较 run out 和 run out of： My ink has run
I have run
out. 我的墨水用完了。
我已用完墨水了。
out of my ink.
8. The answer?
该句是"What is the answer?"之省略。 第四段：
1. Control!
该句意为 We should control time!或 The answer lies in controlling time! 第五段：
1. Time is dangerous. 2. If you don't control it,it will control you. 3. If you don't make it work for you, it will work against you.
make it work 中 work 是动词原形，因为前面动词是 make（使、让） ，后面的宾语补足语不定式符号 to 必须 省略；work against 意思是"与...对着干"。
4. You must become the master of time,not the servant.
第六段：
1. Study hard and play hard is an old proverb, but it still makes sense. make sense 意为"有意义"，试比较 make sense 和 make sense of： This sentence doesn't make sense. 这句话没有意义。
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
I can't make sense of this sentence. 我不能理解这句话。
2. You have plenty of time for classes, study, work, and play if you use your time properly.
plenty of 意思是"充裕的、大量的"，后接可数名词形式和不可数名词形式。
3. It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study. It is ... that ...是强调结构，该句强调成分是 not how much time ... but how much ...， 在句 中充当主语成分，因为太长，故将 but how much ... 置于动词 counts 之后，以保持句子结构平衡； 该句谓语动词是 count， 相当于 matter 或 be important （重要）"It is not ... but ... that counts / matters" ， 译为"重要的不是...而是..."，例如： It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 重要的不是你读多少而是你读什么。
allocate ... for ...意思是"分配给"；do 是助动词，用以加强语气。 第七段：
1.Too much wasted time is bad medicine.
wasted 是过去分词，修饰 time，作定语，表示被动。
2. The more time you waste, the easier it is to continue wasting time.
The more ... , the easier ...意思是"...得越多， 就越容易..."； continue 可后接 to do， 也可后接 doing， continue / go on to do 表示在做完一件事之后继续做另一件事，而 continue / go on doing 则表示继续做一件未做完的事情。
3. Soon, doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break.
you can't break 是定语从句，相当于 you can't get rid of。
4. It becomes a drug.
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
5. When this happens, you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside.
fall by the wayside 意思是"半途而退、中途退出"。
6. A full schedule is a good schedule.
P.174
第二段：
1. Some students refuse to hear the time message.
refuse 相当于 be unwilling to（不愿意） 。
2. They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degree of time control.
the fact 后面的 that 引导同位语从句。
3. There is no escape. 4. So what's the next step? 5. If you seriously wish to get the time message, this passage will give it to you.
wish to do sth 意为"希望做某事"。
6. Remember--it will not only improve your grades but also free you to enjoy college life more.
not only ... but also ...意思是"不仅...而且..."，修饰两个并列的谓语动词。 第三段：
1. Time is today,not tomorrow or next week. 2. Start your plan at the beginning of the term and readjust it with each new project.
at the beginning of 意思是"在...的开始"；另有 in the beginning（在开始） ；project 在此理解为"活动"。
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Unit 7(第 15-----16 讲)
3. Thus you can spread your work time around a little.
a little 在此处修饰 spread ... around。 第四段： 标题： get the notebook habit 相当于 develop the habit of taking notes。
1. Go and buy a pocket-size notebook. 2. There are many varieties of these special notebooks.
many varieties of 表示"许多种类的、各式各样的"。
3. Select the one you like best.