Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
Text A
The Computer and The Poet
P.389
第一段：
1. The essential problem of man in a computerized age remains the same as it has always been.
the same as 意为"和...是一样的"，the same as it has always been 意为"和过去 / 以前是一样的"。
2. That problem is not solely how to be more productive, more comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive.
not solely ... but ...意思是"不仅仅是...而且是..."。
3. The computer makes possible a marvellous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence.
possible 在此处是宾语补足语， 宾语是 a marvellous leap in human proficiency， 因为宾语太长， 故将宾补前置； pull down 意思是"推翻、拆除"。
4. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is.
这一句的主句是 the question persists and grows（意思是"问题依然存在，而且日益严重"） ，whether 引导的是 the question 的同位语从句，从句中 it 是形式宾语，easier or harder 是宾补，真正宾语是 for ... to ...结构，即 for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is，该 for ... to ...结构中，有五个并列的不定式短 语 to do sth。该句的重要词组有 respond to（对...作出反应）和 place value on（珍惜、珍视） 。
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
第二段：
1. Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research.
the profusion of 意思是"大量、许多"；dead ends 意为"死胡同"；involved in vital research 可改为 which are involved in vital research；vital research 意思是"生命研究"。
2. But they can't eliminate the foolishness and decay that come from the unexamined life.
that come from the unexamined life 是定语从句，修饰 the foolishness and decay，unexamined life 意思是"不检 点的生活"。
3. Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to--the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth in himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation.
nor 在句首时， 句子必须倒装， 故出现 Nor do they connect ...； connect ... to ...意思是"把...和...联系起来"； be connected to 意思是"与...有联系"；he has to be connected to 是定语从句，修饰 the things；破折号后面的内容是 the things 的同位语成分。
P.390
第二段：
1. The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom, just as there has always been a tendency to confuse logic with values, and intelligence with insight.
句首 The reason 后接定语从句，关系副词 why 被省略；当 reason 作句子主语时，表语从句只能用 that 引导； that 从句中的 a tendency 后面有 to do sth 作定语； mistake ... for ...意思是"把...误以为是..."； confuse ... with ... 表示"把...和...混淆"。
2. Easy and convenientaccess to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out what they mean and where they would lead.
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
access 的原意是"通道、通路"，后面总与介词 to 搭配；find out 意思是"查明、弄清楚"。 第三段：
1. Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined.
if left spreading and unexamined 是条件状语，由连词 if 和过去分词短语构成，是 if they are left spreading and unexamined 之省略，在此处 leave 是使动用法，若改为主动语态，则出现"leave + 宾语 + 分词"结构。
2. They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as the rawest fo raw matrials crying to be processed into the texture of logic.
regard ... as ...（把...看作...） ；rather than（而不是） ；cry + to do / cry for（迫切需要、强烈要求） 。
3. It requires a very unusual mind, Whitehead said, to undertake the analysis of a fact.
句首 It 是形式主语，真正主语是 to undertake the analysis of a fact；Whitehead said 是插入语
4. The computer can provide a correct number,but it may be an irrelevant number until judgment is pronounced.
第四段：
1. To the extent, then, that man fails to distinguish between the intermediate operations of electronic intelligence and the ultimate responsibilities of human decision, the computer could prove a digression.
to the extent that ...意思是"在...意义上、 在...情况下、 就...来说"； distinguish between ... and ...意思是"把... 和...区别开来"。
2. It could obscure man's awareness of the need to come to terms with himself.
come to terms with 意思是"接受...事实、习惯于、和...达成妥协"。
3. It may foster the illusion that he is asking fundamental questions when actually he is asking only functional ones.
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
the illusion 后面接 that 引导的同位语从句。
4. It may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it.
regard ... as ...（把...看作...） ；substitute（替代物、替代品、替代的人）后面常与介词 for 搭配；instead of （而不是）
5. It may promote undue confidence in concrete answers.
confidence 后面与 in 搭配。
6. "If we begin with certainties," Bacon said, "we shall end in doubts but if we begin with doubts, and we are patient with them, we shall end in certainties."
begin with（以...而开始） ；end in（以...而结束） ；be patient with（对...有耐心） 第五段：
1. The computer knows how to conquer error, but before we lose ourselves in celebrating the victory, we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better approaches for dealing with it.
lose oneself in doing sth（全神贯注、陷入、聚精会神于） ；reflect on（反思、仔细考虑） ；that 引导的定语从 句修饰 the great advances，而不是 the human situation；come about（发生） ；because 引导原因状语从句，修饰定 语从句的谓语动词 have come about；deal with（对付、应付、处理） ；dealing with 的宾语 it 指代前面的 error。
2. "Give me a good fruitful error, full of seeds, bursting with its own corrections," Ferris Greenslet wrote, "You can keep your sterile truth for yourself."
be full of（充满） ；be bursting with（充满）
P.391
第二段：
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
1. The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers.
not ... but ...（不是...而是...）
2. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet.
it 是宾语从句中的形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet；此处 effect 是动词，意思是"实现、实行"。
3. A genuine purpose may be served by turning loose the wonders of the creativeimagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology.
A genuine purpose may be served 是句子的主要结构，意为"计算机可能会起到真正的作用"；介词 by 引出方 式状语；turn loose 意思是"听凭、放纵"，在此处指"充分发挥"。
4. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may inspire.
主语 the company 意思是"陪伴"；enable sb to do sth 意思是"使某人能够做某事"。 第三段：
1. A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular.
said Aristotle 作插入语用；the universal（共性） ；the particular（特性）
2. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man's greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams.
remind 有三种搭配：remind sb that ...，remind sb of ...和 remind sb to do sth；not ... but ...表示"不是...而 是..."。
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
3. But the quality of a man's dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. 4. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world.
therefore 是插入语。 第四段：
1. Nothing really happens to a man except as it is registered in the subconscious.
except 后接 as 引导的时间状语从句；register 原意是"登记、注册"，在此处表示"留有印记"
2. This is where event and feeling become memory and where the proof of life is stored.
where 引导表语从句，所指的是 in the subconscious。
3. The poet--and we use the term to include all those who have respect for and speak to the human spirit--can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity, thus safeguarding it.
两个破折号之间的内容是插入语，是附加解释，其中 have respect for 意思是"尊敬"，speak to 表示"述说、宣 扬"；help to do ...（有助于） ；supply ... with ...（向...提供...） ；to enhance its sensitivity 充当目的状语；thus safeguarding it 是伴随状语。
4. The poet, too, can help to keep man from making himself over in the image of his electronic wonders.
keep ... from ...（阻止某人做某事） ；make over（改造） 。
5. For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.
not so much ... as ...是固定搭配，原意是"与其说...还不如说..."，在此处表示"不在于...而在于..."，not so much 后接 that 从句，as 后面也接 that 从句。 第五段：
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
1. The poet reminds men of their uniqueness.
remind sb of sth 意思是"使某人想起某事"，另有搭配 remind sb that ...和 remind sb to do sth
2. It is not necessary to possess the ultimatedefinition of this uniqueness.
句首的 It 是形式主语，真正主语是 to possess the ultimatedefinition of this uniqueness。
3. Even to speculate on it is a gain.
speculate on 意思是"思考"。
Text B
P.403
第一段：
Changes to Come in U.S. Education
1. The biggest "infrastructure" challenge for the United States in the next decade is not the billions needed for railroads, highways and energy.
the billions 可视为 the billions of dollars 之省略。
2. It is the American school system, from kindergarten through the Ph.D. program and the postgraduate education of adults.
the American school system 指 the American education system。
3. And it requires something far scarcer than money--thinking and risk-taking.
scarce 意为"珍贵、宝贵"；far 修饰比较级；far scarcer than money 是 something 的后置定语，可改为定语从句 that is far scarcer than money；破折号后面的 thinking and risk-taking 是前面的 something 的同位语成分。 第二段：
1. The challenge is not one of expansion.
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Unit 15(第 34----35 讲)
one 是代词，代替 the challenge。
2. On the contrary, the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end.
on the contrary（相反） ；come to an end（结束）
3. By 1978, more than 93 percent of young people entering the labor force had at least an eighth-grade education.
entering the labor force 是现在分词短语，修饰 young people。
4. So even if the birthrate should rise somewhat, little expansion is possible for elementary and secondary school enrollments.
even if 在此处意思是"即使"，引导条件状语从句。 第三段：
1. The last 30 years of social upheaval are also over. 2. Busing will continue to be a highly emotional issue in a good many large cities.
a good many 意思是"许多"。
3. And there will still be efforts to use schools to bring women into fields such as engineering that have traditionally been considered "male".