Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
Text A
Let Your Mind Wander
P.291
第一段：
1. Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life's realities and responsibilities.
该句有两个并列分句，由 and 连接，第一分句中，either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies 是 主语补足语成分，either ... or ...意思是"要么...，要么..."；regard ... as ...意为"把...看作..."。
2. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems.
It is / was believed that ...意思是"据信"；类似的结构有：
3. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
At its best 也可写成 at best, 意思是"充其量、至多"；substitute 后面与介词 for 搭配。 第二段：
1. As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful.
to excess 意思是"过份、过量"；carried 是过去分词，修饰 anything，作定语。
2. There are always those who would substitutefantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.
substitute ... for ...意为"用...替代..."。
3. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.
a (large) body of 意思是"大量、大批、大块、大片"，后接可数或不可数名词，a growing body of 相当于 more and more （越来越多） the fact 后面有 that 引导的同位语从句； ； suffer from 意思是"患有...疾病、 遭受...痛苦"； rather than 意思是"而不是"。
4. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed.
are beginning 后面须接 to do 作宾语；一般情况下，begin 和 start 后面既可接 doing，也可接 to do 作宾语， 但在以下三种情况下，后面只能接 to do：
5. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered.
not only ... but also ...意思是"不仅...， 而且..."， not only 置于句首时， 当 该句必须倒装； with = cope with deal = handle，意思是"对付、应付、处理"；day-to-day existence 相当于 daily life（日常生活） 。
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
P.292
第二段：
1. Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium.
主句谓语动词 indicates 后面有两个宾语从句，均由 that 引导，第二个不可省略。
2. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique.
science has discovered 是插入语成分。
3. But its beneficial effects go beyond this.
go beyond 意思是"远不止、远不仅"。
4. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.
contribute to 意思是"促使、促进、有助于"。 第三段：
1. In an experiment with schoolchildren in New York, Dr. Joan Freyberg observed improved concentration: "There was less running around, more happy feelings, more talking and playing in the group, and more attention paid to detail."
In an experiment with schoolchildren in New York 在句中充当状语成分；直接引语中，there was 后接几个并列 的名词短语作主语，因 less running around 是单数形式，遵循就近原则，谓语动词用 was。 第四段：
1. In another experiment at Yale University, Dr. Jerome Singer found that daydreaming resulted in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
result in 意思是"导致、引起"，另有 result from，意思是"由...引起"。
A results in B →B results from A
2. Daydreaming, Singer pointed out, is one way individuals can improve upon reality.
point out 意为"指出"；improve upon / on 意思是"改进"；one way 后接定语从句，关系副词 that 被省略。
3. It is, he concluded, a powerful spur to achievement.
he concluded 是插入语成分。 第五段：
1. But the value of daydreaming does not stop here.
does not stop here 相当于 goes beyond this（远不止这些） 。
2. It has been found that it improves a person's ability to be better adapted to practical, immediate concerns, to solve everyday problems, and to come up more readily with new ideas. be adapted to 意思是"适应于"，也有 adapt oneself to 搭配，例如： I have been adapted to living in Nanjing. / I have adapted myself to living in Nanjing. 我已经适应 于南京的生活了。
come up with 意为"产生、 想出"； person's ability 后面有三个并列的不定式短语作定语， a 它们是： to be better 1） adapted to practical, immediate concerns，2）to solve everyday problems，3）to come up more readily with new ideas。
3. Contrary to popular belief, constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is, in reality, one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it.
contrary to 意思是"与...相反"；in reality 相当于 in fact，意为"事实上"；cope with = deal with = handle（对付、 应付、处理）
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
4. While consciousinitial effort is always necessary, effective solutions to especially severe problems frequently occur when conscious attempts to solve them have been put off.
句首 while 意思是"尽管、虽然"，引导让步状语从句；solution 后面常与 to 搭配，另有 answer, key, approach 等与 to 搭配；put off 意思是"推迟"。
5. Inability to relax, to let go of a problem, often prevents its solution.
let go (of)意思是"放手、放开、对...置之不理"。 第六段：
1. Historically, scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.
take advantage of = make use of（利用） ，take full advantage of = make full use of（充分利用）
2. Their biographies reveal that their best ideas seem to have occurred when they were relaxing and daydreaming.
seem 后面接 to have occurred 表示先时性，表明 occur 的动作发生在 seem 之前，when they were relaxing and daydreaming 是时间状语从句，修饰动词 occur。
3. It is well known, for example, that Newton solved many of his toughest problems when his attention was waylaid by private musings.
It is well known that 是一固定结构，意思是"众所周知"。
4. Thomas Alva Edison also knew the value of "half waking" states. 5. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with, he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.
Whenever 后接过去分词短语， 作时间状语； confronted with 与 be faced with 同义， be 表示"面对、 面临"； ... too to ...意思是"太...而不..."；deal with 意思是"对付、应付、处理"；stretch out 在此处相当于 lie（躺） ；flood 在这
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
里是动词原形，因为前面有 let。
P.293
第二段：
1. Painters, writers, and composers also have drawn heavily on their sensitivity to inner fantasies.
draw on 意思是"利用、依赖"。
2. Debussy used to gaze at the River Seine and the golden reflections of the setting sun to establish an atmosphere for creativity.
used to 意思是"过去常常、过去"；gaze at 意为"凝视"。
3. Brahms found that ideas came effortless only when he approached a state of deep daydreaming. 4. And Cesar Frank is said to have walked around with a dreamlike gaze while composing, seeminglytotallyunaware of his surroundings. be said to 意思是"据说"，该句可改写为： It is said that Cesar Frank walked around with a dreamlike gaze while composing, seeminglytotallyunaware of his surroundings.
composing 是现在分词， while 一起构成时间状语； unaware of 意思是"没有意识到"， 与 be 另有 be unaware that, be aware of, be aware that, be conscious of, be conscious that 等搭配。 第三段：
1. Many successful people actually daydreamed their successes and achievements long before they realized them.
daydream 在此处是动词，意思是"在白日梦里见到"；before they realized them 是时间状语从句。
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
2. Henry J. Kaiser maintained that "you can imagine your future," and he believed that a great part of his business success was due to positive use of daydreams.
due to 意思是"由于、因为"，通常用作句子的表语成分。
3. Harry S.Truman said that he used daydreaming for rest. 4. Conrad Hilton dreamed of operating a hotel when he was a boy.
dream of 意为"梦想"。
5. He recalled that all his accomplishments were first realized in his imagination.
动词 recalled 后面有 that 引导的宾语从句。 第四段：
1. "Great living starts with a picture, held in some person's imagination, of what he would like someday to do or be.
held in some person's imagination 是过去分词短语，充当 a picture 的非限制性定语；of what he would like someday to do or be 是介词短语，充当 a picture 的定语成分。
2. Florence Nightingale dreamed of being a nurse.
dream of 在上一段出现过，意思是"梦想"。
3. Edison pictured himself an inventor; all such characters escaped the mere push of circumstance by imagining a future so vividly that they headed for it."
picture 作动词用，意思是"想象"；so ... that ...意思是"如此...以致于..."；head for 意为"朝着...方向走去"。
4. These are the words of the well-known thinker Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, and they show that people can literally daydream themselves to success.
句中有一个副词 literally，意思是"确实"。
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
5. Fosdick, aware of the wonderful power of positive daydreaming, offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself long and steadily enough in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it.
aware of the wonderful power of positive daydreaming 是形容词性短语， 充当 Fosdick 的非限制性定语； aware be of 意思是"意识到"；this advice 中的 this 是后指代词，指下文引号里的内容；请注意引号里的句型：
6. Picture yourself vividly as defeated and that alone will make victory impossible. 该句结构可改写为： If you picture yourself vividly as defeated, that alone will make victory impossible.
picture 是动词，意思是"想象"；as defeated 是宾语补足语成分；that alone 相当于 only that；在 make victory impossible 中，impossible 是宾补。
7. Picture yourself as winning and that will contributeremarkably to success. 该句可改写为： If you picture yourself as winning, that will contributeremarkably to success.
词组 contribute to 意思是"促使、促进、有助于"。
8. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift like an abandoned ship at sea." 该句可改写为： If you do not picture yourself as anything, you will drift like an abandoned ship at sea.
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
词组 at sea 意思是"在海上、茫然、不知所措"
P.294
第二段：
1. To get the results, you should picture yourself--as vividly as possible--as you want to be.
句首 to get the results 是目的状语，相当于 in order to get the results。
3. Go over several times the details of these pictures.
go over 意思是"复习、反复检查"。
4. This will deeply impress them on your memory, and these memory traces will soon start influencing your everydaybehavior toward the attainment of the goal. 必要时，impress 后接介词 on：impress sth on sb / sb's memory / sb's mind（使某人牢记某事）； 这种结构也常出现在被动语态句中：
The scene is deeply impressed on my memory. 那种情景深深印在我的记忆之中。 第三段：
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
1. While exercising your imagination, you should be alone and completely undisturbed.
exercising your imagination 是现在分词短语，与前面的 while 构成时间状语。
2. Some individuals seem to have the ability to tune into their private selves in the midst of the noisiest crowds or company.
in the midst of 意思是"在...中间"。
3. But most of us, especially when the experience is new, require an environment free from outside distraction.
free from 意思是"免受...的、没有...的、不受...的"。 第四段：
1. A life lived without fantasy and daydreaming is a seriously impoverished one.
lived without fantasy and daydreaming 是过去分词短语，充当 life 的定语成分。
2. Each of us should put aside a few minutes daily, taking short 10-or 15-minute vacations.
put aside = set aside，意思是"留出（时间）"；taking short 10- or 15-minute vocations 是现在分词短语，作伴随 状语。
3. Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mentalwell-being, and you will find that this modest, inexpensiveinvestment in time will add up to a more creative and imaginative, a more satisfied, and a more self-fulfilled you.
be beneficial to 意思是"对...有益"；add up to 意为"加起来构成、带来"。
4. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from moment to moment, and this, of course, contributes greatly to the excitement and joy of living.
from moment to moment 相当于 from time to time，意思是"时常、不时、常常"；contribute to 意为"促使、促 进、有助于"。
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Unit 12(第 26-----29 讲)
Text B
P. 308
第一段：
To Sleep, Perchance to Dream
1. So you awoke this morning in a miserable mood. 比较 awake, wake, awaken, waken 四个动词，它们都可兼作及物动词和不及物动词，在不少情 况下，可互换使用。wake 是日常用语，后面常接 up；awaken 可看作 awake 的较为古旧的形式； 及物动词 waken 常用于被动语态。
in a miserable / bad / good mood 意思是"情绪糟糕 / 坏 / 好"。