putting into operation quite as much as the laws against public-



house lotteries and skittles.'

No `extenuating circumstances,' however, can be admitted



respecting the notorious racing lotteries, in spite of the small

figure of the tickets; nay this rather aggravates the danger,



being a temptation to the thoughtlessmultitude. One of these

lotteries, called the Deptford Spec., was not long ago suppressed



by the strong arm of the law; but others still exist under

different names. In one of these the law is thought to be evaded



by the sale of a number of photographs; in another, a chance of

winning on a horse is secured by the purchase of certain numbers



of a newspaper struggling into existence; but the following is,

perhaps, the drollest phase of the evasion as yet attempted:



`Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding _count the

number of the beast_.'--Rev., chap. xiii.



`NICKOLAS REX.--"LUCKY" BANQUETS.

`HIS SATANIC MAJESTY purposes holding a series of Banquets,



Levees, and DRAWING ROOMS at Pandemonium during the ensuing

autumn, to each of which about 10,000 of his faithful disciples



will be invited. H. S. M. will, at those drawing-rooms and

receptions, _NUMBER_ a lot of beasts, and distribute a series of



REWARDS, varying in value from L100 to 10_s_. of her Britannic

Majesty's money.



`Tickets One Shilling each, application for which must be made

_BY LETTER_ to His S. Majesty's Chamberlain, &c. &c. The LAST



_DRAWING-ROOM_ of this season will be held a few days before the

Feast of the CROYDON STEEPLECHASES, &c. &c.



CHAPTER XIV.

THE LAWS AGAINST GAMING IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES.



1. ANCIENT ROME.

In ancient Rome all games of chance, with the exception of five



which had relation to bodilyvigour, were absolutely prohibited

in public or private. The loser could not be sued for moneys



lost, and could recover what he might have paid, such right being

secured to his heirs against the heirs of the winner, even after



the lapse of 30 years' prescription. During 50 years after the

loss, should the loser or his heirs neglect their action, it was



open to any one that chose to prosecute, and chiefly to the

municipal authorities, the sum recovered to be expended in that



case for public purposes. No surety for the payment of money for

gambling purposes was bound. The betting on lawful games



was restricted to a certain amount, beyond which the loser could

recover moneys paid, and could not be sued for the amount. A



person in whose house gambling had taken place, if struck or

injured, or if robbed on the occasion thereof, was denied



redress; but offences of gamblers among themselves were

punishable. Blows or injuries might be inflicted on the gambling



house keeper at any time and anywhere without being penal as

against any person; but theft was not exempted from punishment,



unless committed at the time of gambling--and not by a gambler.

Children and freedmen could recover their losses as against their



parents and patrons.

Cicero, in his second Philippic, speaks of a criminal process



(_publicum judicium_) then in force against gamblers.

The laws of ancient Rome were, therefore, very stringent on this



subject, although, there can be no doubt, without much effect.

2. FRANCE.



At the time of the French Revolution warlike games alone

conferred the right of action, restricted, however, in cases of



excessive losses; games of strength and skill generally were

lawful, but were considered as not giving any right of action;



games of mere chance were prohibited, but minors alone were

allowed to recover moneys lost.



By the present law of France no judicial action is allowed for

gambling debts and wagers, except in the case of such games as

• mischief [´mistʃif] n.伤害；故障；调皮 (初中英语单词)


• minister [´ministə] n.部长；大臣 v.伺候 (初中英语单词)


• bargain [´bɑ:gin] n.买卖合同 v.议(价) (初中英语单词)


• therefore [´ðeəfɔ:] ad.&conj.因此；所以 (初中英语单词)


• extraordinary [ik´strɔ:dinəri] a.非常的；额外的 (初中英语单词)


• succession [sək´seʃən] n.继任；继承(权) (初中英语单词)


• deposit [di´pɔzit] vt.存放，存储 n.存款 (初中英语单词)


• decrease [di´kri:s, ´di:kri:s] v.&n.减少；减退 (初中英语单词)


• inquiry [in´kwaiəri] n.询问；质询；调查 (初中英语单词)


• relief [ri´li:f] n.救济；援救；减轻 (初中英语单词)


• profession [prə´feʃən] n.职业；声明；表白 (初中英语单词)


• payment [´peimənt] n.支付；报酬；报偿 (初中英语单词)


• system [´sistəm] n.系统，体系，制度 (初中英语单词)


• passion [´pæʃən] n.激情；激怒；恋爱 (初中英语单词)


• mainly [´meinli] ad.主要地；大体上 (初中英语单词)


• amusement [ə´mju:zmənt] n.娱乐；文娱设施 (初中英语单词)


• diminish [di´miniʃ] v.减小，缩小 (初中英语单词)


• safely [´seifli] ad.安全地；平安地 (初中英语单词)


• abundant [ə´bʌndənt] a.丰富的；充分的 (初中英语单词)


• immense [i´mens] a.广大的，无限的 (初中英语单词)


• considerable [kən´sidərəbəl] a.重要的；值得重视 (初中英语单词)


• income [´inkʌm] n.收入，所得 (初中英语单词)


• agency [´eidʒənsi] n.代理商；机构；代理 (初中英语单词)


• addition [ə´diʃən] n.加；加法；附加物 (初中英语单词)


• exception [ik´sepʃən] n.例外；反对，异议 (初中英语单词)


• otherwise [´ʌðəwaiz] ad.另外 conj.否则 (初中英语单词)


• arrest [ə´rest] vt.逮捕 n.逮捕；停止 (初中英语单词)


• dispose [di´spəuz] v.处置；安排；布置 (初中英语单词)


• definite [´definit] a.确定的，明确的 (初中英语单词)


• distribution [,distri´bju:ʃən] n.分配；分布(状态) (初中英语单词)


• description [di´skripʃən] n.描写 (初中英语单词)


• enforce [in´fɔ:s] vt.执行；强迫；加强 (初中英语单词)


• productive [prə´dʌktiv] a.生产的；富饶的 (初中英语单词)


• parliament [´pɑ:ləmənt] n.议(国)会 (初中英语单词)


• amount [ə´maunt] n.总数；数量 v.合计 (初中英语单词)


• multitude [´mʌltitju:d] n.大群(批)；众多 (初中英语单词)


• existence [ig´zistəns] n.存在；生存；生活 (初中英语单词)


• wisdom [´wizdəm] n.智慧，聪明，才智 (初中英语单词)


• majesty [´mædʒisti] n.壮丽；崇高；尊严 (初中英语单词)


• series [´siəri:z] n.连续；系列；丛书 (初中英语单词)


• faithful [´feiθfəl] a.忠实的；可靠的 (初中英语单词)


• distribute [di´stribju:t] vt.分配；分布；散播 (初中英语单词)


• application [,æpli´keiʃən] n.申请；申请书；应用 (初中英语单词)


• absolutely [´æbsəlu:tli] ad.绝对地；确实 (初中英语单词)


• neglect [ni´glekt] vt.&n.疏忽；忽视；忽略 (初中英语单词)


• chiefly [´tʃi:fli] ad.主要地；尤其 (初中英语单词)


• keeper [´ki:pə] n.管理人；看守；保管人 (初中英语单词)


• anywhere [´eniweə] ad.无论何处；任何地方 (初中英语单词)


• criminal [´kriminəl] a.犯罪的 n.罪犯 (初中英语单词)


• infinite [´infinit] a.无限的，无穷的 (高中英语单词)


• budget [´bʌdʒit] n.&vi.(做)预算；安排 (高中英语单词)


• community [kə´mju:niti] n.团体；社区；公众 (高中英语单词)


• excessive [ik´sesiv] a.过分的；极端的 (高中英语单词)


• insure [in´ʃuə] vt.给…保险 (高中英语单词)


• related [ri´leitid] a.叙述的；有联系的 (高中英语单词)


• mistaken [mis´teikən] mistake的过去分词 (高中英语单词)


• reasoning [´ri:zəniŋ] n.推理，评理 a.推理的 (高中英语单词)


• advertisement [əd´və:tismənt] n.(做)广告；宣传 (高中英语单词)


• offering [´ɔfəriŋ] n.提供；礼物；捐献 (高中英语单词)


• forbidden [fə´bidn] forbid的过去分词 (高中英语单词)


• ireland [´aiələnd] n.爱尔兰 (高中英语单词)


• merchandise [´mə:tʃəndaiz] n.商品 v.经商 (高中英语单词)


• specially [´speʃəli] ad.专门地；特别地 (高中英语单词)


• liable [´laiəbəl] a.易于…的；有责任的 (高中英语单词)


• caution [´kɔ:ʃən] n.&vt.小心；告诫；警告 (高中英语单词)


• speculation [,spekju´leiʃən] n.思索，推测；投机 (高中英语单词)


• uncomfortable [ʌn´kʌmftəbəl] a.不舒服的，不自在的 (高中英语单词)


• penalty [´penlti] n.刑罚；惩罚；障碍 (高中英语单词)


• misfortune [mis´fɔ:tʃən] n.不幸；灾祸 (高中英语单词)


• temptation [temp´teiʃən] n.引诱，诱惑(物) (高中英语单词)


• shilling [´ʃiliŋ] n.先令 (高中英语单词)


• vigour [´vigə] (=vigor) n.活力；精力 (高中英语单词)


• drawing [´drɔ:iŋ] n.画图；制图；图样 (英语四级单词)


• adventurer [əd´ventʃərə] n.冒险者 (英语四级单词)


• tempting [´temptiŋ] a.引诱人的，吸引人的 (英语四级单词)


• compensate [´kɔmpenseit] v.赔偿；补偿；酬报 (英语四级单词)


• statute [´stætʃu:t] n.法令；章程；规定 (英语四级单词)


• decisive [di´saisiv] a.决定性的，确定的 (英语四级单词)


• policy [´pɔlisi] n.政策；权谋；保险单 (英语四级单词)


• maternal [mə´tə:nl] a.母亲的；母性(系)的 (英语四级单词)


• sanitary [´sænitəri, -teri] a.卫生的 n.公共厕所 (英语四级单词)


• notorious [nəu´tɔ:riəs] a.臭名昭著的 (英语四级单词)


• chamberlain [´tʃeimbəlin] n.(国王的)侍从；管家 (英语四级单词)


• bodily [´bɔdili] a.身体的 ad.亲自 (英语四级单词)


• winner [´winə] n.胜利者，得奖者 (英语四级单词)


• prosecute [´prɔsikju:t] v.彻底进行(调查) (英语四级单词)


• lawful [´lɔ:fəl] a.合法的，守法的 (英语四级单词)


• warlike [´wɔ:laik] a.战争的；好战的 (英语四级单词)


• judicial [dʒu:´diʃəl] a.法庭(官)的，审判的 (英语四级单词)


• lottery [´lɔtəri] n.抽彩，抓阄，彩票 (英语六级单词)


• deduct [di´dʌkt] vt.扣除；演绎(推理) (英语六级单词)


• guinea [´gini] n.几尼(英国旧金币) (英语六级单词)


• respecting [ri´spektiŋ] prep.由于；鉴于 (英语六级单词)


• applied [ə´plaid] a.实用的，应用的 (英语六级单词)


• hamburg [´hæmbə:g] n.汉堡 (英语六级单词)


• illegal [i´li:gəl] a.不合法的，非法的 (英语六级单词)


• rigidly [´ridʒidli] ad.坚硬地；不易弯地 (英语六级单词)


• questionable [´kwestʃənəbəl] a.可疑的，不可靠的 (英语六级单词)


• paternal [pə´tə:nl] a.(象)父亲的；父方的 (英语六级单词)


• thoughtless [´θɔ:tləs] a.粗心的，轻率的 (英语六级单词)


• holding [´həuldiŋ] n.保持，固定，存储 (英语六级单词)