accuracy. In spite of careful cleaning the barrel was in several

places slightly corroded. For this the climate was responsible.
The few small pittings, however, did not seem in any way to have

affected the accuracy, as the rifle shot the following groups:
3-1/2 inches at 200 yards; 7-1/4 inches at 300 yards; and

11-1/2 inches at 500 yards.*
*It shot one five-shot 1-2/3 inch group at 200 yds., and several

others at all distances less than the figures given, but I am
convinced these must have been largely accidental.

These groups were not made from a machine rest, however; as none
was available. The complete record with this arm for my whole

stay in Africa was 307 hits out of 395 cartridges fired,
representing 185 head of game killed. Most of this shooting was

for meat and represented also all sorts of "varmints" as well.
The 405 Winchester. This weapon was sighted like the Springfield,

and was constantly in the field as my second gun. For lions it
could not be beaten; as it was very accurate, delivered a hard

blow, and held five cartridges. Beyond 125 to 150 yards one had
to begin to guess at distance, so for ordinary shooting I

preferred the Springfield. In thick brush country, however, where
one was likely to come suddenly on rhinoceroes, but where one

wanted to be ready always for desirable smaller game, the
Winchester was just the thing. It was short, handy, and reliable.

One experience with a zebra 300-350 yards has made me question
whether at long (hunting) ranges the remaining velocity of the

big blunt nosed bullet is not seriously reduced; but as to that I
have not enough data for a final conclusion. I have no doubt,

however, that at such ranges, and beyond, the little Springfield
has more shocking power. Of course at closer ranges the

Winchester is by far the more powerful. I killed one rhinoceros
with the 405, one buffalo and one hippo; but should consider it

too light for an emergency gun against the larger dangerous
animals, such as buffalo and rhinoceros. If one has time for

extreme accuracy, and can pick the shot, it is plenty big; but I
refer now to close quarters in a hurry. I had no trouble whatever

with the mechanism of this arm; nor have I ever had trouble with
any of the lever actions, although I have used them for many

years. As regards speed of fire the controversy between the lever
and bolt action advocates seems to me foolish in the extreme.

Either action can be fired faster than it should be fired in the
presence of game. It is my belief that any man, no matter how

practised or how cool, can stampede himself beyond his best
accuracy by pumping out his shots too rapidly. This is especially

true in the face of charging dangerous game. So firmly do I
believe this that I generally take the rifle from my shoulder

between each shot. Even aimed rapid fire is of no great value as
compared with better aimed slower fire. The first bullet delivers

to an animal's nervoussystem about all the shock it can absorb.
If the beast is not thereby knocked down and held down,

subsequent shots can accomplish that desirable result only by
reaching a vital spot or by tearing tissue. As an example of this

I might instance a waterbuck into which I saw my companion empty
five heavy 465 and double 500 bullets from cordite rifles before

it fell! Thus if the game gets to its feet after the first shock,
it is true that the hunter will often empty into it six or seven

more bullets without apparent result, unless he aims carefully
for a centrally vital point. It follows that therefore a second

shot aimed with enough care to land it in that point is worth a
lot more than a half dozen delivered in three or four seconds

with only the accuracy necessary to group decently at very short
range, even if all of them hit the beast. I am perfectly aware

that this view will probably be disputed; but it is the result of
considerable experience, close observation and real interest in

the game. The whole record of the Winchester was 56 hits out of
70 cartridges fired; representing 27 head of game.

The 465 Holland & Holland double cordite rifle. This beautiful
weapon, built and balanced like a fine hammerless shotgun, was

fitted with open sights. It was of course essentially a close
range emergency gun, but was capable of accurate work at a

distance. I killed one buffalo dead with it, across a wide canyon,
with the 300-yard leaf up on the back sight. Its game list

however was limited to rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, buffaloes
and crocodiles. The recoil in spite of its weight of twelve and

one half pounds, was tremendous; but unnoticeable when I was
shooting at any of these brutes. Its total record was 31

cartridges fired with 29 hits representing 13 head of game.
The conditions militating against marksmanship are often severe.

Hard work in the tropics is not the most steadying regime in the
world, and outside a man's nerves, he is often bothered by queer

lights, and the effects of the mirage that swirls from the
sun-heated plain. The ranges, too, are rather long. I took the

trouble to pace out about every kill, and find that antelope in the
plains averaged 245 yards; with a maximum of 638 yards, while

antelope in covered country averaged 148 yards, with a maximum of
311.

APPENDIX IV. THE AMERICAN IN AFRICA
IN WHICH HE APPEARS AS DIFFERENT FROM THE ENGLISHMAN

It is always interesting to play the other fellow's game his way,
and then, in light of experience, to see wherein our way and his

way modify each other.
The above proposition here refers to camping. We do considerable

of it in our country, especially in our North and West. After we
have been at it for some time, we evolve a method of our own. The

basis of that method is to do without; to GO LIGHT. At first even
the best of us will carry too much plunder, but ten years of

philosophy and rainstorms, trails and trials, will bring us to an
irreducible minimum. A party of three will get along with two

pack horses, say; or, on a harder trip, each will carry the
necessities on his own back. To take just as little as is

consistent with comfort is to play the game skilfully. Any
article must pay in use for its transportation.

With this ideal deeply ingrained by the test of experience, the
American camper is appalled by the caravan his British cousins

consider necessary for a trip into the African back country. His
said cousin has, perhaps, very kindly offered to have his outfit

ready for him when he arrives. He does arrive to find from one
hundred to one hundred and fifty men gathered as his personal

attendants.
"Great Scot!" he cries, "I want to go camping; I don't want to

invade anybody's territory. Why the army?"
He discovers that these are porters, to carry his effects.

"What effects?" he demands, bewildered. As far as he knows, he
has two guns, some ammunition, and a black tin box, bought in

London, and half-filled with extra clothes, a few medicines, a
thermometer, and some little personal knick-knacks. He has been

wondering what else he is going to put in to keep things from
rattling about. Of course he expected besides these to take along

a little plain grub, and some blankets, and a frying pan and
kettle or so.

The English friend has known several Americans, so he explains
patiently.

"I know this seems foolish to you," he says, "but you must
remember you are under the equator and you must do things

differently here. As long as you keep fit you are safe; but if