Iris blossoms are highly specialized and different from our Standard Blossom in several interesting ways. The image shows a
typical iris flower with some of its unusual modifications.
The showy parts of iris flowers are not clearly distinguishable between calyx and corolla, as in our Standard Blossom. The lowest parts, where you'd expect the calyx to be, are just as colorful and fleshy as the upper parts, where the corolla should be. When you want to refer to both calyx and corolla, or the showy parts where the calyx and corolla should be, you can call the whole structure a perianth. One specialized "perianth segment" of the iris blossom, situated where we'd expect a calyx's sepals to be, is the petal-like falls. The falls serves as a "landing pad" for pollinators. Notice how the falls in the flower above has bright lines leading into the blossom's mouth. These serve as nectar guides, directing pollinators toward the nectar.
The 3 standards
correspond to a normal flower's petals. They rise above the blossom and provide more color and pollinator-attracting power to the flower.
One last interesting feature of iris blossoms is that in many
species and varieties the upper surface of the falls is equipped with a beard consisting of fuzz such as that shown in the much-magnified image at the left. The beard gives pollinators something to hold on to as they enter the iris blossom in search of nectar.
学名:Iris tectorum
科属:鸢尾科鸢尾属
特征:多年生草本花卉。高30~50厘米,根状茎短而粗,分枝丛生,淡黄色。叶剑形质薄,淡绿色,长30~60厘米。花茎与叶等长,单一或二分枝,每枝有花1~4 朵,花蓝紫色,外轮裂片倒卵形,外折,具深色网纹,中部有鸡冠状突起及白色髯毛,内轮裂片较小,倒卵形呈拱形直立,花柱花瓣状,覆盖着雄蕊。
法国是一个鲜花之国,它的首都巴黎有"花都"的美誉。莺尾被视为法兰西王国的国花.
相传法兰克王路易、克洛维斯接受洗礼时,上帝送给他的礼物就是金百合花,法文的百合花与"路易之花",发音相近。视金百合花为纯洁,金百合花花形象白鸽飞翔的姿势,象征着"圣灵"。法国国王路易第六,将金百合花作为他的印章和铸币图案,装饰他蓝袍的边缘,他穿着蓝袍 去参加受任国王的仪式,因此金百合花又成了王室权利的象征。其实,这里所说的金百合花就是香根莺尾。 法国人种植香根莺尾除供观赏外,也是获取香精的重要原料。
关于法国国花,另一种说法是百合花。相传当初统治法国的克罗卑鸟斯王是以青蛙作徽章的。有一次一名隐士在他家显灵,吩咐他献一只美丽的盾给皇后,盾上雕一朵百合花。以后,克罗卑斯麦持此盾上战场交锋,每战告捷,从此以后定百合花为国花
花语是优美
鸢尾花代表恋爱使者
鸢尾花虽然具有粗大的根,宽阔如刀的叶,非常强韧的生命力。但是由於它是制造香水的原料,因此相当受尊重,也广被使用。
鸢尾花,中文名来自于它的花瓣像鸢的尾巴。鸢(glede)是鹰科的一种鸟,《诗大雅旱麓》曰"鸢飞戾天,鱼跃于渊。"它的希腊/
英文名是iris, 意为彩虹,因为这种花有红,橙,紫,蓝,白,黑各色,不愧彩虹之称。它的法语名是fleur-de-lis或者fleur-de-lys, 这个讲不出什么名堂,但是它的古法语拼法是fleur-de-luce, luce就是拉丁文的light, 光明也。所以这花在法语里是"光之花"。
法国的国花是鸢尾科的香根鸢尾(fleur de lis),它体大花美,婀娜多姿,与百合花(lily)极为相似。鸢尾与百合分属两个截然不同的科类,虽然一眼看去,似乎两者都有六枚"花瓣",殊不知鸢尾花只有三枚花瓣,其余外围的那三瓣乃是保护花蕾的萼片,只是由于这三枚瓣状萼片长得酷似花瓣,以致常常以假乱真,令人难于辨认。此外,鸢尾的"花瓣"一半向上翘起,一半向下翻卷,而百合花的花瓣却一律向上。另有一些鸢尾的花心深处还长有三枚由雌芯变成的长舌形瓣儿。由于欧洲人常把鸢尾花称作"百合花",故不少人以为法国的国花是百合花。
近代汉语里经常把fleur-de-lis翻译成"金百合",正确的翻法还应该是"鸢尾花"。
最后由 violet_liu 于 2006-09-29 17:35 编辑关键字:
跟我读英语生词表: