酷兔英语

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  书信类


   书信是一种最常见的应用文。它包括祝贺信、介绍信、邀请信、申请信、询问信、致谢信、约会信、道歉信、推荐信、投诉信等十多类。英文书信包括信头、正文和信尾。书信格式是:
①信头 A. 写信人地址、日期 B. 收信人姓名、地址 C. 称谓
②正文
③信尾 A. 结尾谦称 B. 署名


书 信 格 式 具体要求
写信人的地址和日期 位于信纸的右上角,地址在上,日期在下,中间可间隔一行。英文地址书写顺序与中文相反,所以应该是从小到大的顺序:门牌号、街道名、区名、市 ( 州 / 县 ) 、国名。
收信人地址和日期 正式的社交信件都要在信内写上收信人的姓名及地址,又称为信内地址。它位于信纸的左侧,比信头的日期低一或两行。
称谓 (salutation) 称谓位于收信人地址下面,间隔一至两行。如果不知道对方的姓氏,称呼一般都用 Dear Sir or Dear Madam 。如果信是写给一个机构的多个人,则用 Dear Sirs 或者 Dear Mmes 。常见的称呼头衔有: Mr.( 先生 ) 、 Mrs.( 已婚女士 ) 、 Miss( 未婚女性 ) 、 Ms.( 对于不知婚否的女性 ) 、 Prof.( 教授 ) 、 Dr.( 对博士或医生的称呼 ) 。
书信正文 书信正文写在称呼语下面,间距为一至两行,正文的层次结构是:引言、中心部分和结尾。
结束敬语 结尾敬语有尊卑亲疏之分,与称呼相配合。在正文后面,隔两行从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写,第一个字母大写,其后用逗号。常用的结尾敬语有:对于地位高的人或长辈: Yours Respectfully ;在商业和正式函件中: Yours faithfully , Yours sincerely ;私人朋友之间: Yours sincerely , Yours Affectionately , Yours lovingly ,相当于汉语中的"某某敬上"、"某某谨呈"。
署名 在结尾敬语的正下方署上写信人的姓名,商业信函往往需要在署名的下面打印写信人的全名,职称打在姓名的下方,如果署名者为女性,则在姓名前加注" Miss "或" Ms. "。


   如有附言则在署名的下方隔一、两行的左下角注明postscript (P.S.);如含附件需注明Encl.。
   书信有两种格式:齐头式与缩进式。前一种所有的段落顶格开始,正文的段落之间空一行。缩进式所有段落空四至五个字母开始,正文段落之间不空行。
   下面以一封抱怨信为例,其他各种信件的格式均可以此作为参照。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。


March 23, 2003
Dear Mr. President,
I am writing to you, in the name of senior students of this college, to express my dissatisfaction with our canteen. The main problems involve the price, quality, environment and service.
As far as I know, dishes here are generally of poor quality and high price. For example, a green vegetable will cook yellow, with bad taste and even something dirty, sticks or hair, for example. And what is worse, it even sells at 2 to 3 yuan, and a dish with some meat will be more than 5 yuan. That is not what our poor students can afford. Besides, the dining environment also needs improving. Dining tables and chairs are very dirty, greasy, and in poor condition. In addition, they are not enough to go around among students. What is more, the cooks sometimes are not fair. Usually they give more dishes and food to girl students, and less to boy students. As a result, girls can't finish theirs, but boys are still hungry, which is a pity.
Finally, we are looking forward to your quick dealing with the matter mentioned above. Thank you for your kind consideration.





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