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  九年级英语第二十一单元

  科目 英语

  年级 初三

  文件 middle3 unit21.1.rar

  标题 shopping

  章节 第二十一单元

  关键词

  内容

   一、教法建议

  【 抛砖引玉 】

   

    单元双基学习目标

    Ⅰ. 词汇学习

  bit , size , suit , dollar , perhaps , retell , dinner , pardon , brush , simple , finger , be worn out , dark blue suit , either... or light green dress , the following week , a bit , think about , sell out , never mind , so ... that , be busy doing , on and on , just a moment , in surprise , fall over

    Ⅱ. 句型学习

    My shoes are worn out .

    How much does it cost ?

    They were either too big or too small .

    The suit was so expensive that he could not buy it .

    Ⅲ . 语法学习

    1. 过去完成时

    2. 由 so... that ... 引导的表示结果的状语从句

  【 指点迷津 】

    单元重点词汇点拨

    1 . pair 一对;一双

    I need a pair of shoes .

    The children came in pairs .

    〖 点拨 〗pair可作量词连接可数名词和不可数名词,如:a pair of glasses 一幅眼睛。two pairs of paper两张纸。 a pair of new shoes 一双新鞋。in pairs 成双,成对。

    2 . size 尺寸;大小

    What size shoes do you wear ?

    This book ( house ) is the same size as that .

    〖 点拨 〗medium - sized 中号 ( 型 ) 的,large - sized 大号 ( 型 ) 的。the same size as ...同...一样大。

    3 . bit 一点儿;小片

    Have you a little bit of bread ?

    〖 点拨 〗 a bit 用于形容词前,指"有点,相当",a bit of 用于名词前,表示一点点

  。not a bit 一点也不,而 not a little 相当于 very。

    4 . suit 一套 ( 衣服 ) ;西服

    Father bought him a suit of new clothes .

    His new suit doesn't fit well .

    〖 点拨 〗 suit 还可作动词用表示: ( 衣服、颜色等 ) 合身、适合,如:The new dress suits you very well .

    5 . name 1 ) 命名;名叫;说出......名字

    I know a girl named Joan .

    Can you name all the flowers in the garden ?

    2 ) 名字,姓名,名称

    Her name is Mary .

    〖 点拨 〗name sb . sth 给某人起名叫......。Someone named ... 名叫......的一个人。

    6 . for 因为 ( 连词 )

    I asked her to stay to tea , for I had something to tell her .

    We must start early for we have a long way to go .

    〖 点拨 〗for 常引导补充说明的理由原因。不能回答 why 提出的问题。

    7 . dollar 美元

    Dollar is a unit of money used in the U . S . A , Canada , and some other countries .

    〖 点拨 〗dollar 前有数词修饰时,dollar 须加 -s。

    8 . perhaps 可能;也许

    Perhaps he will be there , but perhaps he won't .

    Perhaps she wasn't angry with you .

    〖 点拨 〗perhaps 也许,是"也许如此,也许不如此"的意思。语气很委婉、相当于 maybe。

    9 . retell 重述;重讲

    The children are asked to retell the story .

    〖 点拨 〗retell 是由动词 tell 加前缀 re - 构成,前缀 re - 表示"又、再、重"。如:rewrite 重写。

    

    10 . dinner 正餐;宴会

   

    It's time for dinner .

    I'm busy cooking dinner .

    Shall we give a dinner for her birthday ?

    〖 点拨 〗表示"吃饭"的动词,英国人一般用 have , 美国人用 eat , dinner 前加冠词表示一顿一顿的饭食,不用冠词时,通常表示吃饭这件事。

   

    11 . pardon 原谅;宽恕;对不起

    Pardon me for being late .

   

    Please pardon me for waking you .

    I beg your pardon . I don't know this was your seat .

    〖 点拨 〗I beg your pardon . = Beg your pardon . = Pardon . 读升调时,意思是"请再说一遍"。读降调时,意思是"请原谅,对不起"。 pardon sb . for ......原谅某人......

    

    12 . dirty 脏的

    My dress is getting dirty .

    Wash your dirty face ( hands ) .

    13 . brush 1 ) 刷;擦 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 刷子 ( 名词 )

    Brush your teeth every morning .

    〖 点拨 〗a tooth brush 牙刷 / a clothes brush 衣刷 a writing brush 毛笔

    

    14 . simple 简单的;简易的;简朴的

    The book is written in simple English .

    The old man lived a simple life .

    〖 点拨 〗live a simple life 过朴素的生活

    16 . finger 手指

    We use our fingers to feel and pick up things .

    〖 点拨 〗大姆指:thumb , the forefinger 食指 , the middle finger 中指, the ring finger 无名指, the little finger 小指 。

    单元词组思维运用

    1 . wear out 穿坏;穿旧;用尽, ( 使 ) 精疲力尽

    I have worn my shoes out , I must get another pair .

    We were worn out after climbing the mountain .

    2 . a pair of 一对;一双;一副

    My sister gave me a pair of new shoes .

    He wears a pair of glasses .

    a pair of socks 一双短袜 / a pair of trousers 一条裤子

    3 . at the moment 此刻

    Mrs Green is working in the garden at the moment .

    4 . just a moment 等一会儿

    Just a moment , she is coming . 请稍等片刻,她就来。

    5 . a bit 有点 ( = a little )

    He was a bit angry .

    Please wait a bit .

   

    I'm not a bit hungry .

    He knows a bit of English .

    6 . the last time 上次,最后一次

    The last time I saw him was last week .

    

    When I saw him the last time , he was quite well .

    7 . never mind 不要紧;没关系

    -- Let me carry the box for you .

    

    -- Never mind , It isn't heavy . I can do it myself .

   

    -- I forgot to bring your book .

    -- Never mind about that , I'll get it back tomorrow .

    8 . in surprise 惊奇地

    

    He looked at me in surprise with his mouth open .

    说明:to one's surprise使某人感到惊奇的是......如:

    To my surprise , the little girl can carry such a heavy box . 使我惊奇的是,那个小女孩竟能搬动那么重的箱子。

    9 . much too 实在太;过于

    You are much too kind to me .

    辨析:much too 与 too much 不同。too much 是"太多..."的意思,用在不可数

    名词前面,可作主语,作表语,作宾语。much修饰形容词和副词。如:

    It's much too cold . 天气实在太冷。( much 是程度副词,修饰 too,加强语气 )

    We've had too much rain lately . 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。 ( much 是修饰 rain 的形容词,又被 too 修饰 )

    10 . think about 思考;思虑;回想

    What are you thinking about ?

    

    They are thinking about leaving tomorrow .

    11 . sell out 售完

    

    The old woman has sold out all the eggs .

    

    12 . so...that... 如此......以致于......

    

    His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them .

    13 . be busy (in)doing... = be busy with + n . 忙于做某事

    

    He was busy (in)getting ready for his journey . = He is busy with the journey .

    14 . fall over 摔倒

    

    It's easy for you to fall over when you walk on the ice .

   

    15 . on and on 继续;不断

    We walked on and on .

    The old woman talked on and on .

    

  二、学海导航

  【 学法指要 】

    单元难点疑点思路明晰

    1 . Can't they be mended ? 难道它们 ( 鞋子 ) 不能修吗 ?

    以否定形式提问的疑问句叫否定疑问句。这种疑问句包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构。句中的 not 可以和有关的 be、have 以及助动词、情态动词结合,构成 - n't 形式放在主语之前。

    一般否定疑问句往往表示怀疑、惊讶、责备等意义,实质上它具有强烈的"肯定"意味。如上述的例句,问话者的心中是相信它肯定能修。又如:

    Can't you ( really ) ride a bicycle ?

    Haven't you forgotten something ? 难道你们没忘记什么吗 ?

    2 . They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else . 他们彼此见面,格外高兴,把所有的事都忘了。

    ①so...that 意思是"如此......以致。"so 修饰它后面的形容词或副词,that 后面通常是表示结果的状语从句。又如:

    It was so dark that he couldn't see anything . ( so 后接形容词 )

    The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him . ( so 后接副词 )

    ②在这种意义的结构中,如果结果状语从句是否定式,可换成"too ... to"的结构。如果结果状语从句是肯定形式,可以换成"...enough to..."的结构。如:

    He was so weak that he could not walk . = He was too weak to walk .

    ③注意:so ... that 与 so that 有区别。so that 引导目的状语从句,经常和 may , can , could , should , will , would 等情态动词连用。是"以便;为的是"之意,如:

    Speak clearly so that we may understand you .

    3 . My shoes are worn out . 我的鞋穿破了。

    ( 1 ) worn out 是过去分词短语,在句中作表语。

    ( 2 ) wear out "穿破;磨破;用坏"。例如:

    Usually , children wear out their toys very quickly .

    That machine was worn out last year .

    Who wore out that bike ?

    4 . I'm looking for a pair of black shoes . 我想买一双黑色的皮鞋。

    looking for 在此表达购物人在购物时"寻找"所购物品的状态。

    5 . What size do you want ? Size eight . 你要多大的码子 ? 8号的。

    size "尺寸;大小"。例如:

    It is about the size of an egg .

    This book is the same size as that one . 这本书同那本书一样大小。

    6 . I'm afraid we haven't got any black shoes in that size at the moment . 恐怕现在我们还没有那个码子的黑皮鞋。

    

    in that size "那个尺寸的",在句中作定语,修饰 shoes。介词 in 常用来表示尺寸大小及量度单位。

   

    7 . How much do they cost ? ( 他们 ) 鞋子要多少钱 ?

    ( 1 ) 询问价格时,通常还说:

    How much are they ? How much is it ?

    ( 2 ) cost , take 及 spend 都可表达"花费"之意,但用法不同。cost 可用来表示花费钱财及时间,但需要用表示事物或行为的词或短语作主语。例如:

   

    The pair of shoes cost me 80 yuan .

    Doing this work will cost them a week .

    take 常用来表示花费时间,它的主语通常是动词不定式

    例如:It took me half an hour to work out the maths problem .

    spend 同 cost 一样,可表示花费钱财及时间,但需要用表示人物的名词或代词作主语。

    I spend about half an hour ( in ) reading English every morning .

    8 . I don't think I'll take it . 我想我不会买它。

    ( 1 ) I don't think......是在否定对方意见或拒绝对方时委婉地表达自己意见的常用语。而不说:I think I won't take it . 例如:

    I don't think that he'll be able to arrive here by two o'clock .

    ( 2 ) I'll take it 在句中作 think 的宾语,意为:"我买了"。也可说:I'll get ( have ) it . 在具体购买某物品时,一般不说 I'll buy it .

    9 . A young man named John had just left school for the last time . 一句叫约翰的青年刚刚从学校毕业。

    ( 1 ) named John 是过去分词短语,修饰 a young man 作定语。

    ( 2 ) had left 是过去完成时

    ( 3 ) leave school for the last time"最后一次离学校" ( 在此指毕业 )

    for the last time "作为最后一次",for the first time "作为第一次"。例如:

    He did his work quite well for the first time .

    10 . He was going to start work the following week . 他准备在下个星期开始工作。

    the following week = the next week , the following 意为"紧随着的,接之而来的"。

    the following morning 第二天早晨

    the following month 第二个月;下个月

    the following questions 下面的问题

    11 . There was quite a nice shop near his home . 他家附近有一个相当漂亮的商店。

    quite 是副词,不是形容词,所以不能说 a quite nice shop。又如:

    That's quite a long time .

    12 . The shop was quite new , for it had opened only the week before . 这家商店很新,因为他是上个星期才开业的。

   

    句中的 for 是并列连词,后面接一个句子,它用来说明理由,只是一种解释和补充说明。语气比 because 轻得多。because 用来申述原因,往往表示事物的因果关系,所以在答复 why 的时候,必须用 because , 不可用 for。请比较下面的句子,体会句子的语气。

    I'll be back at about ten o'clock , for I want to pay a visit to a good friend of mine . 我大约10点钟回来,因为我要拜访一个好友。( 此句的重点是何时回来,for 后面的意思只是一个补充说明。 )

    He was late for school this morning because he went to bed late last night . ( "为什么"迟到 ? because 后面道出了原因。 )

    A:Tell me why you haven't finished your homework .

    B:Because I was badly ill yesterday evening . 因为我昨晚病得厉害。( 显然,上面的句子只能用 because 回答,而不能 for。 )

   

    13 . But none of them were the right size . 意译:但它们没一双合脚。( 直译:但它们都不是合适的码子。 )

   

    14 . They were either too big or too small . 他们不是太大就是太小。

    ( 1 ) either...or... 是关联连词。"或者......或者......"。例如:

    Come either today or tomorrow . 要么今天来,要么明天来。

    Either you or he is right . 不是你对,就是他对。 ( 直译:或者你对,或者他对。 )

    注意:当 either...or...连接的是两个主语时,动词的形式要和 or 后面的主语保持一致。

    比较:Either he or you are right . 要么他对,要么你对。

    ( 2 ) 我们学过的关联连词还有 neither...nor...,not only...but also...,both...and...,它们都用来连接句中两个平行的描述对象。

   

    15 . ...and then went to look at himself in a mirror . ...然后走过去照照镜子。

    look in a mirror , look in the mirror"照镜子",口语中可用 glass 代替 mirror。

    16 . It looks great . 这套服装看起来非常清爽。

    great 常在口语中使用,表示赞美、欢愉的心情。又如:

    

    Shall we have a party tonight ? That's great ! 我们今晚开晚会吗 ? 太棒了 !

    17 . Have you got anything cheaper ? 你们有便宜一些的衣服 ( 卖 ) 吗 ?

    anything 是不定代词,形容词修饰不定代词时,须后置。又如:

    I've something important to tell you . 我有些重要的事要告诉你。

    The story is nothing interesting . 这故事毫无意思。

    18 . That's the cheapest suit we have , I'm afraid . 那是我们最便宜的西服,我想。

    ( 1 ) we have 修饰 suit,是定语从句。

    ( 2 ) I'm afraid 相当于汉语的"恐怕"之意,用以表达委婉的说话语气

    19 . They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else . 他们彼此见面,分外高兴,把所有的事情都忘了。

    

    ( 1 ) so...that..."如此......以至......",so修饰它后面的形容词或副词,that 引出一个表结果的状语从句。例如:

    The rain was so heavy that I had to stay at home .

    He got up so late that he was late for school .

    ( 2 ) pleased 是形容词,意为 glad , pleased 多用于书面语或正式场合。glad 多用于口语,语气比较随便。例如:

    

    Are you Miss Green ? Pleased to meet you .

    Glad to see you . Are you any better today ? 很高兴见到你,今天好些吗 ?

    ( 3 ) so...that...还可引出表目的状语从句。这就要求我们从句子本身的内在含意来判断。比较下面的句子。

    He got up so early that he could catch the early bus . ( 表目的 )

    He got up so early that he caught the early bus . ( 表结果 )

    20 . Haven't you forgotten something ? 你们难道没忘了什么吗 ?

    此句比 You have forgotten something . 语气更为强烈。而不是一般的提问,所以不用 anything 。下面两句都有强烈的"肯定"意味。

    Don't you see he is here ?

    Didn't I tell you about this yesterday ?

    21 . John turned round and looked at him in surprise . 约翰转过身来,惊奇地望着他。

    ( 1 ) round 作形容词时,意为"圆的"。作副词或介词时,意为"循环地","围绕"。句中的 round 修饰动词 turn,是副词。请注意 round 在下列句子中的词性。

    He has a round face . ( 形容词 ) 他长着一副圆脸。

    You can see a round table in the middle of the room . ( 形容词 )

    Don't look round . The class has begun . ( 副词 )

    The moon travels round the earth . ( 介词 )

    ( 2 ) in surprise 是介词短语,修饰句中的 looked , 作状语。surprise 除了作名词外,还可作及物动词。surprised 相当于一个形容词,表明主语的状态。例如:

    His visit was a surprise to me . 他的访问出乎我意料之外。

    He shouted in surprise when he heard the bed news .

    What he said surprised us very much .

    22 . "Pardon ? "he said . "什么 ? "他问道。

    pardon 一词的原意是"宽恕","原谅"。在口语中,当听话人没听清或不明白对方的讲话时,常说"pardon ? "用以请求对方再把原话说一遍。

    - The telephone number is 355708 . 电话号码是355708。

    - Pardon ? Wait a moment . I'll write it down . 什么 ? ( 或:再说一遍好吗 ? ) 等一下,我把它记下来。

    23 . That was nearly the cheapest jacket in town . 这夹克几乎是城里最便宜的夹克了。

    这句话颇具幽默感,如果没付钱,当然是"最便宜的了"。但毕竟不是事实,所以句中的动词用 was,而不用 is。

    24 . 表示时间的 for , since , from , during 和 ago 的异同

    for ①用来表示某动作或情况持续了多长时间,既可指过去,也可以指现在和将来。

    I once studied French for three years . ( 指过去时间 )

    That house has been empty for six weeks . ( 指现在时间 )

    Our teacher will be away for the next ten days . 我们的老师从现在起将要离开

  十天。 ( 指将来 )

    ②如果 for 表示的一段时间一直持续到现在为止,就要和现在完成时连用,不能用现在一般时。如:

    I've known her for a long time . 我认识她已经好长时间了。 ( 不能说 I know her... )

    这种用法的 for 可用 since + 行动开始的那一时间来代替。如:

    He has worked here since this time last year . 他从去年这时候起就在这里工作。

    ③当我们说的是过去某个时刻时,我们要用 for 和过去完成时来表示一直持续到那个时刻的一段时间。如:

    When she arrived , I had been waiting for two hours . 当她到达的时候,我已经等了两小时了。

    from ①我们说某动作或情况从什么时候开始,什么时候结束时,就用 from...to... 或 from...till / until 的结构。如:

    I was asleep from three to six . ( = for three hours ) 我从三点到六点在睡

  觉。 ( 我曾睡了三小时 )

    ②当我们不说出动作或情况是什么时候结束时,也用 from 一词。如:

    We had to begin our work from six in the morning .

    from 也可用于地点。如:

    Where do you come from ?

    since ①只用于时间而不用于地点,意指"从那时起到说话的时刻。"它常常和现在完成时或过去完成时连用。如:

    What have you been doing since this morning ?

    It has been raining since two o'clock .

    It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn .

    注意 since 与 from 的区别,

    I was there from three o'clock , but nobody came . 我从三点钟起一直在那儿,但没有人来过。 ( 不能说......since three o'clock )

    I 've been there since three o'clock , but nobody's come yet . 我从三点钟起一直在那儿,但没有人来过。( 此句不能说 ......from three o'clock )

    ②在"It is + 时间词语 + since"中,since 可以和现在时态或过去时连用。

    It's a long time since the last meeting .

    It was ages since my last meal , and I was very hungry .

    注意 since 与 for 的区别:

    当 for 和 since 都用在现在完成时句子中时,这两个词很容易搞混。记住:for 表示什么事情延续了多长时间。since 则表示这件事是从什么时候开始的。试比较:

    for three days since Tuesday

    during①用于已知的一段时间,即为大家所熟知的节日名称,如:Christmas ( 圣诞节 ) ,或者已经限定的时候或阶段。如:

    during the years 1980 - 1990 在1980年1990年期间

    ②行动可以持续整个时期或只发生在这个时期的某一时刻。如:

    It rained all Monday but stopped raining during the night . 星期一整天下雨,但夜里雨停了。 ( 在某一时刻 )

    He was ill for a week , and during that week he ate nothing .

    during 与 for 的区别:

    during 表示什么时间发生了什么事。for 表示这件事持续了多长时间。

    There was a storm during the night ; it rained for three or four hours . 夜里暴风雨大作,雨一直下了三四个小时。

    My father was in hospital for six weeks during the summer . 我父亲在夏天住了六个月医院。

    ago 不用来表示动作和情况的持续时间,也不用来表示动作是什么时候开始的。ago 只表示过去的事情是什么时候发生的。但我们用的是从现在往过去追溯的"倒数法",而不说出具体日期。ago 要和过去时态连用。如:


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文章标签:英语教案  九年级  九年级英语  初三