九年级英语第二十一单元
科目 英语
年级 初三
文件 middle3 unit21.1.rar
标题 shopping
章节 第二十一单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
bit , size , suit , dollar , perhaps , retell , dinner , pardon , brush , simple , finger , be worn out , dark blue suit , either... or light green dress , the following week , a bit , think about , sell out , never mind , so ... that , be busy doing , on and on , just a moment , in surprise , fall over
Ⅱ. 句型学习
My shoes are worn out .
How much does it cost ?
They were either too big or too small .
The suit was so expensive that he could not buy it .
Ⅲ . 语法学习
1. 过去完成时
2. 由 so... that ... 引导的表示结果的状语从句。
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . pair 一对;一双
I need a pair of shoes .
The children came in pairs .
〖 点拨 〗pair可作量词连接可数名词和不可数名词,如:a pair of glasses 一幅眼睛。two pairs of paper两张纸。 a pair of new shoes 一双新鞋。in pairs 成双,成对。
2 . size 尺寸;大小
What size shoes do you wear ?
This book ( house ) is the same size as that .
〖 点拨 〗medium - sized 中号 ( 型 ) 的,large - sized 大号 ( 型 ) 的。the same size as ...同...一样大。
3 . bit 一点儿;小片
Have you a little bit of bread ?
〖 点拨 〗 a bit 用于形容词前,指"有点,相当",a bit of 用于名词前,表示一点点
。not a bit 一点也不,而 not a little 相当于 very。
4 . suit 一套 ( 衣服 ) ;西服
Father bought him a suit of new clothes .
His new suit doesn't fit well .
〖 点拨 〗 suit 还可作动词用表示: ( 衣服、颜色等 ) 合身、适合,如:The new dress suits you very well .
5 . name 1 ) 命名;名叫;说出......名字
I know a girl named Joan .
Can you name all the flowers in the garden ?
2 ) 名字,姓名,名称
Her name is Mary .
〖 点拨 〗name sb . sth 给某人起名叫......。Someone named ... 名叫......的一个人。
6 . for 因为 ( 连词 )
I asked her to stay to tea , for I had something to tell her .
We must start early for we have a long way to go .
〖 点拨 〗for 常引导补充说明的理由原因。不能回答 why 提出的问题。
7 . dollar 美元
Dollar is a unit of money used in the U . S . A , Canada , and some other countries .
〖 点拨 〗dollar 前有数词修饰时,dollar 须加 -s。
8 . perhaps 可能;也许
Perhaps he will be there , but perhaps he won't .
Perhaps she wasn't angry with you .
〖 点拨 〗perhaps 也许,是"也许如此,也许不如此"的意思。语气很委婉、相当于 maybe。
9 . retell 重述;重讲
The children are asked to retell the story .
〖 点拨 〗retell 是由动词 tell 加前缀 re - 构成,前缀 re - 表示"又、再、重"。如:rewrite 重写。
10 . dinner 正餐;宴会
It's time for dinner .
I'm busy cooking dinner .
Shall we give a dinner for her birthday ?
〖 点拨 〗表示"吃饭"的动词,英国人一般用 have , 美国人用 eat , dinner 前加冠词表示一顿一顿的饭食,不用冠词时,通常表示吃饭这件事。
11 . pardon 原谅;宽恕;对不起
Pardon me for being late .
Please pardon me for waking you .
I beg your pardon . I don't know this was your seat .
〖 点拨 〗I beg your pardon . = Beg your pardon . = Pardon . 读升调时,意思是"请再说一遍"。读降调时,意思是"请原谅,对不起"。 pardon sb . for ......原谅某人......
12 . dirty 脏的
My dress is getting dirty .
Wash your dirty face ( hands ) .
13 . brush 1 ) 刷;擦 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 刷子 ( 名词 )
Brush your teeth every morning .
〖 点拨 〗a tooth brush 牙刷 / a clothes brush 衣刷 a writing brush 毛笔
14 . simple 简单的;简易的;简朴的
The book is written in simple English .
The old man lived a simple life .
〖 点拨 〗live a simple life 过朴素的生活
16 . finger 手指
We use our fingers to feel and pick up things .
〖 点拨 〗大姆指:thumb , the forefinger 食指 , the middle finger 中指, the ring finger 无名指, the little finger 小指 。
单元词组思维运用
1 . wear out 穿坏;穿旧;用尽, ( 使 ) 精疲力尽
I have worn my shoes out , I must get another pair .
We were worn out after climbing the mountain .
2 . a pair of 一对;一双;一副
My sister gave me a pair of new shoes .
He wears a pair of glasses .
a pair of socks 一双短袜 / a pair of trousers 一条裤子
3 . at the moment 此刻
Mrs Green is working in the garden at the moment .
4 . just a moment 等一会儿
Just a moment , she is coming . 请稍等片刻,她就来。
5 . a bit 有点 ( = a little )
He was a bit angry .
Please wait a bit .
I'm not a bit hungry .
He knows a bit of English .
6 . the last time 上次,最后一次
The last time I saw him was last week .
When I saw him the last time , he was quite well .
7 . never mind 不要紧;没关系
-- Let me carry the box for you .
-- Never mind , It isn't heavy . I can do it myself .
-- I forgot to bring your book .
-- Never mind about that , I'll get it back tomorrow .
8 . in surprise 惊奇地
He looked at me in surprise with his mouth open .
说明:to one's surprise使某人感到惊奇的是......如:
To my surprise , the little girl can carry such a heavy box . 使我惊奇的是,那个小女孩竟能搬动那么重的箱子。
9 . much too 实在太;过于
You are much too kind to me .
辨析:much too 与 too much 不同。too much 是"太多..."的意思,用在不可数
名词前面,可作主语,作表语,作宾语。much修饰形容词和副词。如:
It's much too cold . 天气实在太冷。( much 是程度副词,修饰 too,加强语气 )
We've had too much rain lately . 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。 ( much 是修饰 rain 的形容词,又被 too 修饰 )
10 . think about 思考;思虑;回想
What are you thinking about ?
They are thinking about leaving tomorrow .
11 . sell out 售完
The old woman has sold out all the eggs .
12 . so...that... 如此......以致于......
His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them .
13 . be busy (in)doing... = be busy with + n . 忙于做某事
He was busy (in)getting ready for his journey . = He is busy with the journey .
14 . fall over 摔倒
It's easy for you to fall over when you walk on the ice .
15 . on and on 继续;不断
We walked on and on .
The old woman talked on and on .
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1 . Can't they be mended ? 难道它们 ( 鞋子 ) 不能修吗 ?
以否定形式提问的疑问句叫否定疑问句。这种疑问句包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构。句中的 not 可以和有关的 be、have 以及助动词、情态动词结合,构成 - n't 形式放在主语之前。
一般否定疑问句往往表示怀疑、惊讶、责备等意义,实质上它具有强烈的"肯定"意味。如上述的例句,问话者的心中是相信它肯定能修。又如:
Can't you ( really ) ride a bicycle ?
Haven't you forgotten something ? 难道你们没忘记什么吗 ?
2 . They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else . 他们彼此见面,格外高兴,把所有的事都忘了。
①so...that 意思是"如此......以致。"so 修饰它后面的形容词或副词,that 后面通常是表示结果的状语从句。又如:
It was so dark that he couldn't see anything . ( so 后接形容词 )
The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him . ( so 后接副词 )
②在这种意义的结构中,如果结果状语从句是否定式,可换成"too ... to"的结构。如果结果状语从句是肯定形式,可以换成"...enough to..."的结构。如:
He was so weak that he could not walk . = He was too weak to walk .
③注意:so ... that 与 so that 有区别。so that 引导目的状语从句,经常和 may , can , could , should , will , would 等情态动词连用。是"以便;为的是"之意,如:
Speak clearly so that we may understand you .
3 . My shoes are worn out . 我的鞋穿破了。
( 1 ) worn out 是过去分词短语,在句中作表语。
( 2 ) wear out "穿破;磨破;用坏"。例如:
Usually , children wear out their toys very quickly .
That machine was worn out last year .
Who wore out that bike ?
4 . I'm looking for a pair of black shoes . 我想买一双黑色的皮鞋。
looking for 在此表达购物人在购物时"寻找"所购物品的状态。
5 . What size do you want ? Size eight . 你要多大的码子 ? 8号的。
size "尺寸;大小"。例如:
It is about the size of an egg .
This book is the same size as that one . 这本书同那本书一样大小。
6 . I'm afraid we haven't got any black shoes in that size at the moment . 恐怕现在我们还没有那个码子的黑皮鞋。
in that size "那个尺寸的",在句中作定语,修饰 shoes。介词 in 常用来表示尺寸大小及量度单位。
7 . How much do they cost ? ( 他们 ) 鞋子要多少钱 ?
( 1 ) 询问价格时,通常还说:
How much are they ? How much is it ?
( 2 ) cost , take 及 spend 都可表达"花费"之意,但用法不同。cost 可用来表示花费钱财及时间,但需要用表示事物或行为的词或短语作主语。例如:
The pair of shoes cost me 80 yuan .
Doing this work will cost them a week .
take 常用来表示花费时间,它的主语通常是动词不定式。
例如:It took me half an hour to work out the maths problem .
spend 同 cost 一样,可表示花费钱财及时间,但需要用表示人物的名词或代词作主语。
I spend about half an hour ( in ) reading English every morning .
8 . I don't think I'll take it . 我想我不会买它。
( 1 ) I don't think......是在否定对方意见或拒绝对方时委婉地表达自己意见的常用语。而不说:I think I won't take it . 例如:
I don't think that he'll be able to arrive here by two o'clock .
( 2 ) I'll take it 在句中作 think 的宾语,意为:"我买了"。也可说:I'll get ( have ) it . 在具体购买某物品时,一般不说 I'll buy it .
9 . A young man named John had just left school for the last time . 一句叫约翰的青年刚刚从学校毕业。
( 1 ) named John 是过去分词短语,修饰 a young man 作定语。
( 2 ) had left 是过去完成时。
( 3 ) leave school for the last time"最后一次离学校" ( 在此指毕业 )
for the last time "作为最后一次",for the first time "作为第一次"。例如:
He did his work quite well for the first time .
10 . He was going to start work the following week . 他准备在下个星期开始工作。
the following week = the next week , the following 意为"紧随着的,接之而来的"。
the following morning 第二天早晨
the following month 第二个月;下个月
the following questions 下面的问题
11 . There was quite a nice shop near his home . 他家附近有一个相当漂亮的商店。
quite 是副词,不是形容词,所以不能说 a quite nice shop。又如:
That's quite a long time .
12 . The shop was quite new , for it had opened only the week before . 这家商店很新,因为他是上个星期才开业的。
句中的 for 是并列连词,后面接一个句子,它用来说明理由,只是一种解释和补充说明。语气比 because 轻得多。because 用来申述原因,往往表示事物的因果关系,所以在答复 why 的时候,必须用 because , 不可用 for。请比较下面的句子,体会句子的语气。
I'll be back at about ten o'clock , for I want to pay a visit to a good friend of mine . 我大约10点钟回来,因为我要拜访一个好友。( 此句的重点是何时回来,for 后面的意思只是一个补充说明。 )
He was late for school this morning because he went to bed late last night . ( "为什么"迟到 ? because 后面道出了原因。 )
A:Tell me why you haven't finished your homework .
B:Because I was badly ill yesterday evening . 因为我昨晚病得厉害。( 显然,上面的句子只能用 because 回答,而不能 for。 )
13 . But none of them were the right size . 意译:但它们没一双合脚。( 直译:但它们都不是合适的码子。 )
14 . They were either too big or too small . 他们不是太大就是太小。
( 1 ) either...or... 是关联连词。"或者......或者......"。例如:
Come either today or tomorrow . 要么今天来,要么明天来。
Either you or he is right . 不是你对,就是他对。 ( 直译:或者你对,或者他对。 )
注意:当 either...or...连接的是两个主语时,动词的形式要和 or 后面的主语保持一致。
比较:Either he or you are right . 要么他对,要么你对。
( 2 ) 我们学过的关联连词还有 neither...nor...,not only...but also...,both...and...,它们都用来连接句中两个平行的描述对象。
15 . ...and then went to look at himself in a mirror . ...然后走过去照照镜子。
look in a mirror , look in the mirror"照镜子",口语中可用 glass 代替 mirror。
16 . It looks great . 这套服装看起来非常清爽。
great 常在口语中使用,表示赞美、欢愉的心情。又如:
Shall we have a party tonight ? That's great ! 我们今晚开晚会吗 ? 太棒了 !
17 . Have you got anything cheaper ? 你们有便宜一些的衣服 ( 卖 ) 吗 ?
anything 是不定代词,形容词修饰不定代词时,须后置。又如:
I've something important to tell you . 我有些重要的事要告诉你。
The story is nothing interesting . 这故事毫无意思。
18 . That's the cheapest suit we have , I'm afraid . 那是我们最便宜的西服,我想。
( 1 ) we have 修饰 suit,是定语从句。
( 2 ) I'm afraid 相当于汉语的"恐怕"之意,用以表达委婉的说话语气
19 . They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else . 他们彼此见面,分外高兴,把所有的事情都忘了。
( 1 ) so...that..."如此......以至......",so修饰它后面的形容词或副词,that 引出一个表结果的状语从句。例如:
The rain was so heavy that I had to stay at home .
He got up so late that he was late for school .
( 2 ) pleased 是形容词,意为 glad , pleased 多用于书面语或正式场合。glad 多用于口语,语气比较随便。例如:
Are you Miss Green ? Pleased to meet you .
Glad to see you . Are you any better today ? 很高兴见到你,今天好些吗 ?
( 3 ) so...that...还可引出表目的状语从句。这就要求我们从句子本身的内在含意来判断。比较下面的句子。
He got up so early that he could catch the early bus . ( 表目的 )
He got up so early that he caught the early bus . ( 表结果 )
20 . Haven't you forgotten something ? 你们难道没忘了什么吗 ?
此句比 You have forgotten something . 语气更为强烈。而不是一般的提问,所以不用 anything 。下面两句都有强烈的"肯定"意味。
Don't you see he is here ?
Didn't I tell you about this yesterday ?
21 . John turned round and looked at him in surprise . 约翰转过身来,惊奇地望着他。
( 1 ) round 作形容词时,意为"圆的"。作副词或介词时,意为"循环地","围绕"。句中的 round 修饰动词 turn,是副词。请注意 round 在下列句子中的词性。
He has a round face . ( 形容词 ) 他长着一副圆脸。
You can see a round table in the middle of the room . ( 形容词 )
Don't look round . The class has begun . ( 副词 )
The moon travels round the earth . ( 介词 )
( 2 ) in surprise 是介词短语,修饰句中的 looked , 作状语。surprise 除了作名词外,还可作及物动词。surprised 相当于一个形容词,表明主语的状态。例如:
His visit was a surprise to me . 他的访问出乎我意料之外。
He shouted in surprise when he heard the bed news .
What he said surprised us very much .
22 . "Pardon ? "he said . "什么 ? "他问道。
pardon 一词的原意是"宽恕","原谅"。在口语中,当听话人没听清或不明白对方的讲话时,常说"pardon ? "用以请求对方再把原话说一遍。
- The telephone number is 355708 . 电话号码是355708。
- Pardon ? Wait a moment . I'll write it down . 什么 ? ( 或:再说一遍好吗 ? ) 等一下,我把它记下来。
23 . That was nearly the cheapest jacket in town . 这夹克几乎是城里最便宜的夹克了。
这句话颇具幽默感,如果没付钱,当然是"最便宜的了"。但毕竟不是事实,所以句中的动词用 was,而不用 is。
24 . 表示时间的 for , since , from , during 和 ago 的异同
for ①用来表示某动作或情况持续了多长时间,既可指过去,也可以指现在和将来。
I once studied French for three years . ( 指过去时间 )
That house has been empty for six weeks . ( 指现在时间 )
Our teacher will be away for the next ten days . 我们的老师从现在起将要离开
十天。 ( 指将来 )
②如果 for 表示的一段时间一直持续到现在为止,就要和现在完成时连用,不能用现在一般时。如:
I've known her for a long time . 我认识她已经好长时间了。 ( 不能说 I know her... )
这种用法的 for 可用 since + 行动开始的那一时间来代替。如:
He has worked here since this time last year . 他从去年这时候起就在这里工作。
③当我们说的是过去某个时刻时,我们要用 for 和过去完成时来表示一直持续到那个时刻的一段时间。如:
When she arrived , I had been waiting for two hours . 当她到达的时候,我已经等了两小时了。
from ①我们说某动作或情况从什么时候开始,什么时候结束时,就用 from...to... 或 from...till / until 的结构。如:
I was asleep from three to six . ( = for three hours ) 我从三点到六点在睡
觉。 ( 我曾睡了三小时 )
②当我们不说出动作或情况是什么时候结束时,也用 from 一词。如:
We had to begin our work from six in the morning .
from 也可用于地点。如:
Where do you come from ?
since ①只用于时间而不用于地点,意指"从那时起到说话的时刻。"它常常和现在完成时或过去完成时连用。如:
What have you been doing since this morning ?
It has been raining since two o'clock .
It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn .
注意 since 与 from 的区别,
I was there from three o'clock , but nobody came . 我从三点钟起一直在那儿,但没有人来过。 ( 不能说......since three o'clock )
I 've been there since three o'clock , but nobody's come yet . 我从三点钟起一直在那儿,但没有人来过。( 此句不能说 ......from three o'clock )
②在"It is + 时间词语 + since"中,since 可以和现在时态或过去时连用。
It's a long time since the last meeting .
It was ages since my last meal , and I was very hungry .
注意 since 与 for 的区别:
当 for 和 since 都用在现在完成时句子中时,这两个词很容易搞混。记住:for 表示什么事情延续了多长时间。since 则表示这件事是从什么时候开始的。试比较:
for three days since Tuesday
during①用于已知的一段时间,即为大家所熟知的节日名称,如:Christmas ( 圣诞节 ) ,或者已经限定的时候或阶段。如:
during the years 1980 - 1990 在1980年1990年期间
②行动可以持续整个时期或只发生在这个时期的某一时刻。如:
It rained all Monday but stopped raining during the night . 星期一整天下雨,但夜里雨停了。 ( 在某一时刻 )
He was ill for a week , and during that week he ate nothing .
during 与 for 的区别:
during 表示什么时间发生了什么事。for 表示这件事持续了多长时间。
There was a storm during the night ; it rained for three or four hours . 夜里暴风雨大作,雨一直下了三四个小时。
My father was in hospital for six weeks during the summer . 我父亲在夏天住了六个月医院。
ago 不用来表示动作和情况的持续时间,也不用来表示动作是什么时候开始的。ago 只表示过去的事情是什么时候发生的。但我们用的是从现在往过去追溯的"倒数法",而不说出具体日期。ago 要和过去时态连用。如: