Airbus is expected to unveil blowout order numbers for last year, likely
setting an industry record for jets sold in one year and potentially booking almost twice as many orders as Boeing Co.
预
But beneath the rivals' lopsided tallies, the
competition is much tighter.
计空中客车公司(Airbus)即将公布的去年订单数量将出现激增,其在一年内售出的飞机数量可能创下业内新纪录。其所接获的订单数量几乎是波音公司(Boeing Co.)的两倍。
Airbus, a unit of European Aeronautic Defence & Space Co., booked strong sales of its small, single-aisle A320, while Boeing logged the best year to date for its long-range, two-aisle 777. As a result, the gap in the dollar value of the two companies' sales is closer than their order totals would suggest.
但在这一对竞争对手订单数量差异巨大的表象之下,竞争实则激烈得多。
The imbalance highlights the intensifying
pressure Airbus faces to win orders for its big, two-engine A350 model, now in development, to
counter Boeing's dominance in the segment.
作为欧洲航空防务航天公司(European Aeronautic Defence & Space Co.)旗下子公司,空中客车公司的单通道小型客机A320销售状况强劲,而波音公司的远程双通道客机波音777在去年取得了上市以来最好的销售业绩。因此,两家公司销售收入(按美元计算)之差就比订单总数差距小得多。
The average catalog price of Boeing planes ordered last year was
roughly $145 million, while the Airbus average through November was
roughly $105 million, based on data published by the companies and analyzed by The Wall Street Journal. Airbus on Tuesday will
release full-year numbers, as Boeing did recently.
这种不平衡凸显了空中客车公司为尚在研发之中的大型双引擎客机A350赢得订单所面临的不断加大的压力。研发A350是为了挑战波音公司在这一细分市场的主导地位。
Airbus through Nov. 30 booked new orders for 1,521 planes, and 1,378 orders net of cancellations. The 11-month gross tally, the company's most recent figures, already exceeded a full-year record of 1,423 gross orders set by Boeing in 2007.
两家公司公布的数据及《华尔街日报》的分析表明,去年客户订购的波音公司飞机的平均目录价格约为1.45亿美元,而截至去年11月空中客车公司的平均目录价格约为1.05亿美元。本周二,空中客车公司将发布全年数据。波音公司近期已经发布了去年业绩。
But 92% of Airbus's orders through November were for its A320 family of single-aisle models. It booked 126 orders for big planes, or 71 net of cancellations, although those figures might have improved in December.
截至去年11月30日,空中客车公司接到的新订单总计为1, 521架,扣除取消的订单后为1,378架。空中客车公司在去年前11个月接获的订购飞机总数(这是该公司目前公布的最新数据)已经打破了波音公司在2007年创下的1,423架飞机的全年纪录。
Airbus sales were boosted by a new, more fuel-efficient
version of the A320 family, dubbed the Neo, which accounted for 86% of A320 orders through November.
但截至11月,空中客车公司接到的订单中92%是要购买其单通道客机A320系列产品。该公司的大飞机仅接到126张订单(扣除取消的订单后仅为71张),虽然这一数字在12月还可能增加。
The Neo's success forced Boeing in July to
respondhastily with a promise to update its competing 737 model. Boeing landed only 150 firm orders for the planned 737 Max. Boeing executives predicted orders will rise this year.
A320系列中一款全新的、燃油效率更高的机型A320 Neo提振了空中客车公司的销售业绩。截至去年11月,这一型号的飞机在A320的订单总数中占到了86%的比例。
While Airbus cleaned up with its small, new model, Boeing did so with its large 777, which first entered service in 1995. Boeing sold 202 of them, more than in any
previous year.
A320 Neo的成功迫使波音公司去年7月做出仓促回应,承诺升级其竞争机型波音737。但计划推出的波音737 Max机型只获得了150张订单。波音公司高管预测,今年该机型的订单数量将上升。
The 777's continued strength is
significant for Boeing because it faces
expensive delays with two new models: its 787 Dreamliner and a modified
version of its
venerable 747 jumbo jet.
虽然空中客车公司靠新型号的小飞机赚了一笔,但波音也靠其大飞机波音777盈利不少。波音777在1995年进入市场。去年波音公司售出202架777飞机,比此前任何一年都要多。
The 777's longevity means Boeing's investments in its current versions are largely completed and so each unit delivered is highly profitable.
波音777的持续强劲对波音公司意义重大,因为波音两个新机型的推迟造成了高昂的代价:787梦想飞机(787 Dreamliner)和经典的747喷气式客机的改进机型。
Large, long-range models like the 777 can be money-spinners. Giant jetliners -- such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 -- are built in
relatively small numbers and require
expensive customization. In contrast,
slightly smaller models such as the 777 and Airbus A330 are produced in large numbers with
limited customization.
波音777持久的生命力意味着波音对目前机型的投资基本上已经完成,因此交付的每架飞机利润都很高。
Highlighting the 777's popularity, Airbus in December canceled production of its competing A340 model. Sales of the four-engine A340 evaporated in recent years because it was more
expensive to
operate than the 777.
波音777这类大型远程客机可以成为飞机制造公司的摇钱树。波音747和空客A380等大型喷气式飞机生产规模相对较小,需要花费高昂成本按顾客要求进行定制化。相比之下,稍微小一些的型号,如波音777和空客A330,则可以大量生产,只需进行有限的定制化。
The A340's
failure was a blow to Airbus, which a
decade ago spent several
billion dollars to create bigger versions of the plane.
空中客车去年12月停止了其与波音777竞争的A340机型的生产,凸显了波音777的受欢迎程度。四引擎的A340的销售在近几年几乎停滞,因为其运营成本高于波音777。
The A340 died because the 777 'is a better airplane,' said Tim Clark, president of Dubai's Emirates Airline, which ordered 50 of the year's 777s.
A340的失败对空客来说是一个打击,空客公司10年前还在花几十亿美元生产该机型的更大型号。
Large 777 models can
consume as much as 12% less fuel than rival A340 models do, which were 'priced out of the market,' Mr. Clark said in a recent interview. Emirates operates both models.
迪拜的阿联酋航空(Emirates Airline) 总裁蒂姆•克拉克(Tim Clark) 说,A340没落的原因在于波音777更具优越性。阿联酋航空今年订购了50架波音777飞机.
Larry Loftis, who heads Boeing's 777 program, said 'simple physics' of fewer engines helped the 777
eliminate the A340. 'As the price of fuel went up, there wasn't much of a choice for our customers,' Mr. Loftis said.
克拉克在最近的一次采访中说,大型的波音777飞机的耗油量比其竞争对手A340少12%,A340因成本过高而被市场淘汰。阿联酋公司同时拥有这两种机型。
'It is true that the 777 has, over time, edged the A340 out of the market,' said Airbus Chief Operating Officer John Leahy, the company's top airplane salesman.
波音777项目的负责人罗夫蒂斯(Larry Loftis)说,波音777凭借引擎数量更少这一简单的物理学常识打败了A340。他说,由于油价上升,我们的客户别无选择。
Airbus is replacing the A340 with the A350, which the company expects to enter service in 2014. But the plane has faced several delays.
空客首席运营长、公司销售业务负责人约翰•莱希( John Leahy)说,的确,波音777不知不觉已经将A340挤出了市场。
Airbus officials have said that its development remains challenging. And orders for A350s have slowed, following several strong years. In the first 11 months of last year, the A350 garnered more cancellations than new orders.
空客正在用A350取代A340,公司期待A350可以在2014年投入运营,但是这款机型已经几度被推迟。
Airbus hopes the A350 will
eventuallyeclipse the older 777. Boeing is assessing how to react and will probably modernize the 777 in a few years, industry officials have said.
空客公司的管理人员说A350的发展仍面临重重挑战。在经历了几年的高歌猛进之后,A350的订单开始放缓。去年前11个月,A350被取消的订单比新订单的数量还多。
'We will be in a position, if the market requires, to put in a very
significant upgrade of the airplane,' Boeing's Mr. Loftis said.
空客希望A350最后能够超越相对老旧的波音777。行业官员说,波音正在评估如何做出反应,也许将会在未来几年对777进行现代化的升级。
Daniel Michaels / David Kesmodel
波音公司的罗夫蒂斯说,如果市场需要的话,我们将会对该机型进行重大升级。