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Men of Invention and Industry-Part24_Samuel Smiles(1812-1904)_English Literature(文学名著)-第2页

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under the notice of master printers likely to take it up. He

worked for a time in the printing office of Richard Taylor, Shoe



Lane, Fleet Street, and mentioned the matter to him. Taylor

would not undertake the invention himself, but he furnished



Koenig with an introduction to Thomas Bensley, the well-known

printer of Bolt Court, Fleet Street. On the 11th of March, 1807,



Bensley invited Koenig to meet him on the subject of their recent

conversation about "the discovery;" and on the 31st of the same



month, the following agreement was entered into between Koenig

and Bensley:-



"Mr. Koenig, having discovered an entire new Method of Printing

by Machinery, agrees to communicate the same to Mr. Bensley under



the following conditions:--

that, if Mr. Bensley shall be satisfied the Invention will answer



all the purposes Mr. Koenig has stated in the Particulars he has

delivered to Mr. Bensley, signed with his name, he shall enter



into a legal Engagement to purchase the Secret from Mr. Koenig,

or enter into such other agreement as may be deemed mutually



beneficial to both parties; or, should Mr. Bensley wish to

decline having any concern with the said Invention, then he



engages not to make any use of the Machinery, or to communicate

the Secret to any person whatsoever, until it is proved that the



Invention is made use of by any one without restriction of

Patent, or other particular agreement on the part of Mr. Koenig,



under the penalty of Six Thousand Pounds.

"(Signed) T. Bensley,



"Friederich Konig.

"Witness--J. Hunneman."



Koenig now proceeded to put his idea in execution. He prepared

his plans of the new printing machine. It seems, however, that



the progress made by him was very slow. Indeed, three years

passed before a working model could be got ready, to show his



idea in actual practice. In the meantime, Mr. Walter of The

Times had been seen by Bensley, and consulted on the subject of



the invention. On the 9th of August, 1809, more than two years

after the date of the above agreement, Bensley writes to Koenig:



"I made a point of calling upon Mr. Walter yesterday, who, I am

sorry to say, declines our propositionaltogether, having (as he



says) so many engagements as to prevent him entering into more."

It may be mentioned that Koenig's original plan was confined to



an improved press, in which the operation of laying the ink on

the types was to be performed by an apparatus connected with the



motions of the coffin, in such a manner as that one hand could be

saved. As little could be gained in expedition by this plan, the



idea soon suggested itself of moving the press by machinery, or

to reduce the several operations to one rotarymotion, to which



the first mover might be applied. Whilst Koenig was in the

throes of his invention, he was joined by his friend Andrew F.



Bauer, a native of Stuttgart, who possessed considerable

mechanical power, in which the inventor himself was probably



somewhat deficient. At all events, these two together proceeded

to work out the idea, and to construct the first actualworking



printing machine.

A patent was taken out, dated the 29th of March, 1810, which



describes the details of the invention. The arrangement was

somewhat similar to that known as the platen machine; the



printing being produced by two flat plates, as in the common

hand-press. It also embodied an ingeniousarrangement for inking



the type. Instead of the old-fashioned inking balls, which were

beaten on the type by hand labour, several cylinders covered with



felt and leather were used, and formed part of the machine

itself. Two of the cylinders revolved in opposite directions, so



as to spread the ink, which was then transferred by two other

inking cylinders alternatelyapplied to the "forme" by the action



of spiral springs. The movement of all the parts of the machine

were to be derived from a steam-engine, or other first mover.



"After many obstructions and delays," says Koenig himself, in




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