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Men of Invention and Industry-Part18_Samuel Smiles(1812-1904)_English Literature(文学名著)-第2页

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the nation, in discovering with the greatest hazard and

difficulty the capital Italian engines, and introducing and



bringing the same to full perfection in this kingdom, at his own

great expense."[7] The trade was accordingly thrown open. Silk



mills were erected at Stockport and elsewhere; Hutton says that

divers additional mills were erected in Derby; and a large and



thriving trade was established. In 1850, the number employed in

the silk manufacture exceeded a million persons. The old mill



has recently become disused. Although supported by strong wooden

supports, it showed signs of falling; and it was replaced by a



larger mill, more suitable to modern requirements.

Footnotes for Chapter IV.



[1] "This was equally the case with two other trades;-- those of

glass-maker and druggist, which brought no contamination upon



nobility in Venice. In a country where wealth was concentrated

in the hands of the powerful, it was no doubt highly judicious



thus to encourage its employment for objects of public advantage.

A feeling, more or less powerful, has always existed in the minds



of the high-born, against the employment of their time and wealth

to purposes of commerce or manufactures. All trades, save only



that of war, seem to have been held by them as in some sort

degrading, and but little comporting with the dignity of



aristocratic blood." Cabinet Cyclopedia--Silk Manufacture, p. 20.

[2] A Brief State of the Inland or Home Trade. (Pamphlet.) 1730.



[3] A Brief State of the Case relating to the Machine erected at

Derby for making Italian Organzine Silk, which was discovered and



brought into England with the utmost difficulty and hazard, and

at the Sole Expense of Sir Thomas Lombe. House of Commons Paper,



28th January, 1731.

[4] Self-Help, p. 205.



[5] The Trade and Navigation of Great Britain considered, p. 94.

[6] The petition sets forth the merits of the machine at Derby



for making Italian organzine silk--"a manufacture made out of

fine raw silk, by reducing it to a hard twisted fine and even



thread. This silk makes the warp, and is absolutely necessary to

mix with and cover the Turkey and other coarser silks thrown



here, which are used for Shute,--so that, without a constant

supply of this fine Italian organzine silk, very little of the



said Turkey or other silks could be used, nor could the silk

weaving trade be carried on in England. This Italian organzine



(or thrown) silk has in all times past been bought with our

money, ready made (or worked) in Italy, for want of the art of



making it here. Whereas now, by making it ourselves out of fine

Italian raw silk, the nation saves near one-third part; and by



what we make out of fine China raw silk, above one-half of the

price we pay for it ready worked in Italy. The machine at Derby



contains 97,746 wheels, movements, and individual parts (which

work day and night), all which receive their motion from one



large water-wheel, are governed by one regulator, and it employs

about 300 persons to attend and supply it with work." In Bees



Cyclopaedia (art. 'Silk Manufacture') there is a full description

of the Piedmont throwing machine introduced to England by John



Lombe, with a good plate of it.

[7] Sir Thomas Lombe died in 1738. He had two daughters. The



first, Hannah, was married to Sir Robert Clifton, of Clifton, co.

Notts; the second, Mary Turner, was married to James, 7th Earl of



Lauderdale. In his will, he "recommends his wife, at the

conclusion of the Darby concern," to distribute among his



"principal servants or managers five or six hundred pounds."

CHAPTER V.



WILLIAM MURDOCK: HIS LIFE AND INVENTIONS.

"Justice exacts, that those by whom we are most benefited



Should be most admired."--Dr. Johnson.

"The beginning of civilization is the discovery of some useful



arts, by which men acquire property, comforts, or luxuries. The

necessity or desire of preserving them leads to laws and social



institutions... In reality, the origin as well as the progress

and improvement of civil society is founded on mechanical and



chemical inventions."--Sir Humphry Davy.




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