from hardness and animosity as can be imagined. Pupil of the

liberal-minded Benedictines who directed the only public school



of some standing then in the south, he had also read deeply the

authors of the eighteenth century. In him Christian charity was



joined to a philosophicalindulgence for the failings of human

nature. But the memory of those miserablyanxious early years,



his young man's years robbed of all generous illusions by the

cynicism of the sordid lawsuit, stood in the way of forgiveness.



He never succumbed to the fascination of the great shoot; and X,

his heart set to the last on reconciliation, with the draft of



the will ready for signature kept by his bedside, died intestate.

The fortune thus acquired and augmented by a wise and careful



management passed to some distant relatives whom he had never

seen and who even did not bear his name.



Meantime the blessing of general peace descended upon Europe.

Mr. Nicholas B., bidding good-bye to his hospitablerelative,



the "fearless" Austrian officer, departed from Galicia, and

without going near his native place, where the odious lawsuit was



still going on, proceeded straight to Warsaw and entered the army

of the newly constituted Polish kingdom under the sceptre of



Alexander I, Autocrat of all the Russias.

This kingdom, created by the Vienna Congress as an acknowledgment



to a nation of its former independent existence, included only

the central provinces of the old Polish patrimony. A brother of



the Emperor, the Grand Duke Constantine (Pavlovitch), its Viceroy

and Commander-in-Chief, married morganatically to a Polish lady



to whom he was fiercely" target="_blank" title="ad.凶猛地，残忍地">fiercely attached, extended this affection to what

he called "My Poles" in a capricious and savage manner. Sallow



in complexion, with a Tartar physiognomy and fierce little eyes,

he walked with his fists clenched, his body bent forward, darting



suspicious glances from under an enormous cocked hat. His

intelligence was limited, and his sanity itself was doubtful.



The hereditary taint expressed itself, in his case, not by mystic

leanings as in his two brothers, Alexander and Nicholas (in their



various ways, for one was mystically liberal and the other

mystically autocratic), but by the fury of an uncontrollable



temper which generally broke out in disgusting abuse on the

parade ground. He was a passionate" target="_blank" title="a.易动情的；易怒的">passionate militarist and an amazing



drill-master. He treated his Polish army as a spoiled child

treats a favourite toy, except that he did not take it to bed



with him at night. It was not small enough for that. But he

played with it all day and every day, delighting in the variety



of pretty uniforms and in the fun of incessant drilling. This

childish passion, not for war, but for mere militarism, achieved



a desirable result. The Polish army, in its equipment, in its

armament, and in its battle-field efficiency, as then understood,



became, by the end of the year 1830, a first-rate tactical

instrument. Polish peasantry (not serfs) served in the ranks by



enlistment, and the officers belonged mainly to the smaller

nobility. Mr. Nicholas B., with his Napoleonic record, had no



difficulty in obtaining a lieutenancy, but the promotion in the

Polish army was slow, because, being a separate organization, it



took no part in the wars of the Russian Empire against either

Persia or Turkey. Its first campaign, against Russia itself, was

• prince [´prins] n.王子；亲王；君主 (初中英语单词)


• allied [´ælaid] a.联合的；联姻的 (初中英语单词)


• mission [´miʃən] n.代表团；使馆vt.派遣 (初中英语单词)


• utmost [´ʌtməust] a.最大的 n.极端 (初中英语单词)


• satisfaction [,sætis´fækʃən] n.满意；满足 (初中英语单词)


• majesty [´mædʒisti] n.壮丽；崇高；尊严 (初中英语单词)


• emperor [´empərə] n.皇帝 (初中英语单词)


• estate [i´steit] n.财产；庄园；等级 (初中英语单词)


• shortly [´ʃɔ:tli] ad.立刻，马上；不久 (初中英语单词)


• relative [´relətiv] a.有关系的 n.亲属 (初中英语单词)


• honourable [´ɔnərəbəl] a.荣誉的；正直的 (初中英语单词)


• discharge [dis´tʃɑ:dʒ] vt.&n.卸货；释放；解雇 (初中英语单词)


• tradition [trə´diʃən] n.传统；惯例；传说 (初中英语单词)


• beloved [bi´lʌvd] a.为….所爱的 n.爱人 (初中英语单词)


• mutter [´mʌtə] v.&n.咕哝；嘀咕 (初中英语单词)


• character [´kæriktə] n.特性；性质；人物；字 (初中英语单词)


• province [´prɔvins] n.省；领域；范围 (初中英语单词)


• unfortunate [ʌn´fɔ:tʃunit] a.不幸的，运气差的 (初中英语单词)


• counsel [´kaunsəl] n.商议；劝告；律师 (初中英语单词)


• charming [´tʃɑ:miŋ] a.可爱的；极好的 (初中英语单词)


• firmly [´fə:mli] ad.坚固地，稳定地 (初中英语单词)


• horrible [´hɔrəbəl] a.可怕的；恐怖的 (初中英语单词)


• visible [´vizəbəl] a.可见的；明显的 (初中英语单词)


• existence [ig´zistəns] n.存在；生存；生活 (初中英语单词)


• punctual [´pʌŋktjuəl] a.准时的；精确的 (初中英语单词)


• modest [´mɔdist] a.谦虚的；朴素的 (初中英语单词)


• constant [´kɔnstənt] a.坚定的；坚贞的 (初中英语单词)


• celebrate [´selibreit] vt.庆祝；表扬；赞美 (初中英语单词)


• invitation [,invi´teiʃən] n.邀请；请帖；吸引 (初中英语单词)


• conscience [´kɔnʃəns] n.良心；道德心 (初中英语单词)


• beginning [bi´giniŋ] n.开始，开端；起源 (初中英语单词)


• marvel [´mɑ:vəl] n.令人惊异的事；奇迹 (初中英语单词)


• sympathy [´simpəθi] n.同情，怜悯 (初中英语单词)


• assistance [ə´sistəns] n.协作；援助；帮助 (初中英语单词)


• surrender [sə´rendə] vt.&n.交出；引渡；放弃 (初中英语单词)


• conclusion [kən´klu:ʒən] n.结束；结论；推论 (初中英语单词)


• apparent [ə´pærənt] a.显然的；表面上的 (初中英语单词)


• affection [ə´fekʃən] n.友爱；慈爱 (初中英语单词)


• nevertheless [,nevəðə´les] conj.&ad.然而；不过 (初中英语单词)


• grandfather [´grænd,fɑ:ðə] n.(外)祖父；祖先 (初中英语单词)


• promising [´prɔmisiŋ] a.有希望的；有为的 (初中英语单词)


• execute [´eksikju:t] vt.执行；表演；演奏 (初中英语单词)


• standing [´stændiŋ] n.持续 a.直立的 (初中英语单词)


• anxious [´æŋkʃəs] a.担忧的；渴望的 (初中英语单词)


• generous [´dʒenərəs] a.慷慨的；丰盛的 (初中英语单词)


• blessing [´blesiŋ] n.祝福 (初中英语单词)


• fiercely [´fiəsli] ad.凶猛地，残忍地 (初中英语单词)


• savage [´sævidʒ] a.野蛮的 n.蛮人 (初中英语单词)


• fierce [fiəs] a.残忍的；强烈的 (初中英语单词)


• enormous [i´nɔ:məs] a.巨大地，很，极 (初中英语单词)


• liberal [´libərəl] a.大方的 n.开明的人 (初中英语单词)


• passion [´pæʃən] n.激情；激怒；恋爱 (初中英语单词)


• desirable [di´zaiərəbəl] a.向往的；极好的 (初中英语单词)


• equipment [i´kwipmənt] n.装备，设备 (初中英语单词)


• mainly [´meinli] ad.主要地；大体上 (初中英语单词)


• turkey [´tə:ki] n.火鸡 (初中英语单词)


• narrative [´nærətiv] a.叙述的 n.记事 (高中英语单词)


• indignation [,indig´neiʃən] n.愤慨；气愤 (高中英语单词)


• napoleon [nə´pəuljən] n.拿破仑 (高中英语单词)


• indifference [in´difrəns] n.冷淡；无足轻重 (高中英语单词)


• distinguished [di´stiŋgwiʃt] a.卓越的，著名的 (高中英语单词)


• descendant [di´sendənt] n.子孙，后裔 (高中英语单词)


• mortal [´mɔ:tl] a.致命的 n.凡人 (高中英语单词)


• breadth [bredθ] n.宽度，幅面，广度 (高中英语单词)


• concise [kən´sais] a.简明的；简洁的 (高中英语单词)


• affectionate [ə´fekʃənit] a.亲爱的 (高中英语单词)


• critical [´kritikəl] a.批评的；关键性的 (高中英语单词)


• inheritance [in´heritəns] n.继承(物)；遗传；遗产 (高中英语单词)


• inherit [in´herit] v.继承；遗传 (高中英语单词)


• nobility [nəu´biliti, nə-] n.高贵；贵金属性 (高中英语单词)


• guardian [´gɑ:diən] n.监护人；保护人 (高中英语单词)


• devise [di´vaiz] vt.设计，发明 (高中英语单词)


• stubborn [´stʌbən] a.顽固的；坚持的 (高中英语单词)


• passionate [´pæʃənit] a.易动情的；易怒的 (高中英语单词)


• confession [kən´feʃən] n.招供；认错；交待 (高中英语单词)


• reception [ri´sepʃən] n.接待；欢迎；招待会 (高中英语单词)


• compromise [´kɔmprəmaiz] n.妥协，和解 (高中英语单词)


• befall [bi´fɔ:l] v.降临；发表(于) (高中英语单词)


• determination [di,tə:mi´neiʃən] n.决心；决定 (高中英语单词)


• plunder [´plʌndə] v.&n.掠夺；盗窃 (高中英语单词)


• grudge [grʌdʒ] vt.&n.吝啬；怨恨 (高中英语单词)


• solitary [´sɔlitəri] a.独居的；孤独的 (高中英语单词)


• characteristic [,kæriktə´ristik] a.特有的 n.特性 (高中英语单词)


• temperament [´tempərəmənt] n.气质；性格 (高中英语单词)


• charity [´tʃæriti] n.施舍；慈悲；博爱 (高中英语单词)


• signature [´signətʃə] n.签名；盖章 (高中英语单词)


• complexion [kəm´plekʃən] n.肤色；情况；局面 (高中英语单词)


• limited [´limitid] a.有限(制)的 (高中英语单词)


• efficiency [i´fiʃənsi] n.效力；效率；有能力 (高中英语单词)


• promotion [prə´məuʃən] n.促进；提升；倡仪 (高中英语单词)


• campaign [kæm´pein] n.战役；行动 vi.从军 (高中英语单词)


• polish [´pəuliʃ] a.波兰(人)的 n.波兰语 (英语四级单词)


• deliberation [dilibə´reiʃ(ə)n] n.仔细考虑；商量 (英语四级单词)


• unworthy [ʌn´wə:ði] a.不值得的；不足道的 (英语四级单词)


• conjunction [kən´dʒʌŋkʃən] n.联合；巧合；接近 (英语四级单词)


• maternal [mə´tə:nl] a.母亲的；母性(系)的 (英语四级单词)


• amiable [´eimiəbəl] a.亲切的，温和的 (英语四级单词)


• ownership [´əunəʃip] n.所有权；所有制 (英语四级单词)


• permanently [´pə:mənəntli] ad.永久地；持久地 (英语四级单词)


• good-natured [´gud-´neitʃəd] a.脾气好的，温厚的 (英语四级单词)


• busily [´bizili] ad.忙碌地 (英语四级单词)


• marshal [´mɑ:ʃəl] n.(陆军)元帅 (英语四级单词)


• assertion [ə´sə:ʃən] n.断言；主张；论述 (英语四级单词)


• abominable [ə´bɔminəbəl] a.可憎的；极坏的 (英语四级单词)


• ardent [´ɑ:dənt] a.热心的；热情洋溢的 (英语四级单词)


• hardness [´hɑ:dnis] n.坚硬；严厉；难度 (英语四级单词)


• indulgence [in´dʌldʒəns] n.沉迷；宽容；恩惠 (英语四级单词)


• sordid [´sɔ:did] a.(指环境等)肮脏的 (英语四级单词)


• fascination [,fæsi´neiʃən] n.魅力；强烈爱好 (英语四级单词)


• bedside [´bedsaid] n.床边 a.护理的 (英语四级单词)


• hospitable [´hɔspitəbəl] a.好客的；招待周到的 (英语四级单词)


• odious [´əudiəs] a.可憎的；丑恶的 (英语四级单词)


• vienna [vi´enə] n.维也纳 (英语四级单词)


• hereditary [hi´reditəri] a.遗传的；世袭的 (英语四级单词)


• publicly [´pʌblikli] ad.公然；公众所有地 (英语六级单词)


• sorely [´sɔ:li] ad.痛苦地；剧烈地 (英语六级单词)


• shrank [ʃræŋk] shrink的过去式 (英语六级单词)


• misunderstanding [,misʌndə´stændiŋ] n.误解；隔阂 (英语六级单词)


• arbitration [,ɑ:bi´treiʃən] n.仲裁；公断 (英语六级单词)


• manifestation [,mænife´steiʃən] n.表明；现象 (英语六级单词)


• homeless [´həumlis] a.无家的 (英语六级单词)


• prosecution [,prɔsi´kju:ʃən] n.彻底实行；检举 (英语六级单词)


• ingratitude [in´grætitju:d] n.忘恩负义 (英语六级单词)


• legally [´li:gəli] ad.合法地 (英语六级单词)


• abandoned [ə´bændənd] a.被抛弃的；无约束的 (英语六级单词)


• obstinacy [´ɔbstinəsi] n.顽固；(病痛等)难治 (英语六级单词)


• reconciliation [,rekənsili´eiʃən] n.调停；和解；服从 (英语六级单词)


• calling [´kɔ:liŋ] n.点名；职业；欲望 (英语六级单词)


• animosity [æni´mɔsiti] n.仇恨；憎恨；敌意 (英语六级单词)


• philosophical [,filə´sɔfikəl] a.哲学(上)的；冷静的 (英语六级单词)


• miserably [´mizərəbli] ad.悲惨地；糟糕地 (英语六级单词)


• departed [di´pɑ:tid] a.已往的；已故的 (英语六级单词)


• extended [iks´tendid] a.伸长的；广大的 (英语六级单词)


• incessant [in´sesənt] a.不断的，不停的 (英语六级单词)