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Unit 3 大学英语自学教程下册笔记及历年考点-第2页

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1. However, many would disagree with this.

many 指 many people。

2. For, although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state schools, over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private, or "public" schools.

have been to 原义是"去过"，这里指"上过（…学校）"。

3. Is this because pupils from Britain's private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools, or are they simply better prepared?

those 是代词，指代 the pupils。 第三段：

1. On average, about ￡5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils.

on average 亦作 on an average 或 on the average，意思是"平均来说、一般来说"；该句主语是 about ￡5,000， 表示总数、总额，是单数概念，故谓语动词是 is spent；twice the amount …意思是"…的两倍"，是倍数的表达法 之一。

2. So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools when they have far fewer resources?

to compete with …是不定式短语充当主语补足语成分。

3. And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term?

prepare 可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词，prepare for 表示"为…作好准备"，prepare sb for 意思是"让某 人为…作好准备"；which 和 for which 是两个并列的定语从句修饰 the special entrance exam。

P.63

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Unit 3(第 6----8 讲)

第四段：

1. Until recently, many blamed Oxford for this bias because of the university's special entrance exam (Cambridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986).

blame sb for sth 意为"为某事而指责某人"。

2. But last February, Oxford University decided to abolish the exam to encourage more state school applicants.

to encourage …是目的状语。

3. From autumn 1996, Oxford University applicants, like applicants to other universities, will be judged only on their A level results and on their performance at interviews, although some departments might still set special tests.

on their A level results and on their performance at interviews 意思是"根据他们的高级考试成绩和他们面试的成 绩"。 第五段：

1. However, some argue that there's nothing wrong in having elite places of learning, and that by their very nature, these places should not be easily accessible.

there is nothing wrong in doing…意思是"…没什么错/不妥"；that …和 and that …是两个并列的宾语从句；by 与 nature 是固定搭配，by their very nature 字面意义是"按照其本来的性质"，译为"既然是精英学校"。

2. Most countries are run by an elite and have centres of academicexcellence from which the elite are recruited.

an elite 意思是"精英们"，elite 作名词时，前面加 an 表示复数概念；from which …是定语从句，修饰前面的 centres of academicexcellence。

3. Walter Ellis accepts that this is true:

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Unit 3(第 6----8 讲)

accept 应理解为"承认"。 第六段：

1. "But in France, for example, there are something like 40 equivalents of university, which provide this elite through a much broader base.

something like 在数词前面时意思是"大约"；which 引导非限制性定语从句；this elite 也表示复数概念。

2. In America you've got the Ivy League, centred on Harvard and Yale, with Princeton and Stanford and others.

centred on Harvard and Yale 是过去分词短语，作非限制性定语。

3. But again, those universities together-the elite universities-are about ten or fifteen in number, and are being pushed along from behind by other great universities like, for example, Chicago and Berkeley.

be pushed along from behind by …意思是"紧随其后的是…"。

4. So you don't have just this narrow concentration of two universities providing a constantly replicating elite."

该句可译为：这样一来就不存在只有两所大学培养精英、近亲精英不断繁殖的偏狭局面了。

P.64

第二段：

1. When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist because of the number of private school pupils they accept, Professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore:

When it comes to …意思是"就…而言、就…而论、对于…来说"；Oxford and Cambridge being elitist …实际 上是动名词短语的复合结构，所有格标记's 被省略，本应为"Oxford and Cambridge's being elitist …"；当动名词短 语的复合结构充当宾语时，所有格标记's 则可以省略。

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Unit 3(第 6----8 讲)

第三段：

1. "If certain schools do better than others then we just have to accept it.

it 是代词，代替前面出现的 certain schools do better than others。 2. We cannot be a place for remedial eduation.

3. It's not what Oxford is there to do."

it 指代上一句的 remedial education（补习教育） 。 第四段：

1. However, since academicexcellence does appear to be related to the amount of money spent per pupil, this does seem to imply that Prime Minister John Major's vision of Britain as a classless society is still a long way off.

该句出现了两个 does，都是助动词，加强语气用；be related to 意思是"与…有关"。

2. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn't himself go to Oxbridge, most of his ministers did. be worth + doing 是一固定结构。试比较： This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 This book is worthy to be read. 同上。 This book is worthy of being read. 同上。

while 在此处表示"虽然、尽管"，引导让步状语从句；did 是助动词，代替 went to Oxbridge。

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