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unit 11 大学英语自学教程下册笔记及历年考点-第2页

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5. To be practical, I am suggesting that if we do not now have a pet we should not acquire one; second, that if we now have a pet, we let it be our last one.

we should not acquire one 中的 one 是代词，代替 a pet；此处的 should 可以省略，should not acquire 是虚拟语 气，因为主句谓语动词是 am suggesting（建议） ；second, that …与前面的 that …是两个并列的宾语从句，在第二 个宾语从句中，具体地说，在 we let it be our last one 中省略了 should，也可以说 we should let it be our last one，与 前一分句一样，是虚拟语气。

6. Icould never say that pets are bad. 7. I am saying, let's give up this good thing--the ownership of a pet--in favor of a more imperative good.

give up 意思是"放弃"；the ownership of a pet 是 this good thing 的同位语成分；in favor of 意思是"有利于"。

P.277

第二段：

1. The purchase, the health care, the feeding and housing and training of a pet--and I chiefly mean the larger, longer-lived pets--cost time and money.

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Unit 11(第 23----25 讲)

--- and I chiefly mean the larger, longer-lived pets --- 是插入语，意思是"我主要指较大的、活得较长的宠物"。

2. Depending on the animal's size and activity, it's special tastes and needs, and the standard of living we establish for it, the care of a pet can cost from a dollar a week to a dollar or more a day.

句首 depending on 是 depend on（依靠、依赖）的现在分词形式，后面有宾语 the animal's size and activity, it's special tastes and needs, and the standard of living we establish for it，可此处的 depending on 译为"按、根据"；we establish for it 是 the standard of living 的定语从句。

3. I would not for a moment deny it is worth that.

not for a moment = never for a moment = never（决不、从来没有） 第三段：

1. But facts outside the walls of our home keep breaking in on our awareness.

动词 keep 后面可以接 doing， 不可接 to do， 故有 keep breaking in on our awareness； break in on = break in upon， 意思是"闯入、打断"。

2. Though we do not see the poverty-stricken people of India and Africa and South America, we can never quite forget that they are there.

poverty-stricken 是由"名词 + 过去分词"构成的复合形容词，意思是"贫穷的、贫困的"。

3. Now and then their faces are shown in the news, or in the begging ads of relief organizations.

now and then 相当于 from time to time，意思是"不时地"。

4. Probably we send a donation whenever we can.

whenever we can 后面省略了 send a donation。 第四段：

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Unit 11(第 23----25 讲)

1. But we do not,as a rule, feel a heavy personal responsibility for the afflicted and deprived for we are pretty thoroughly formed by the individualistic, competitive society we live in.

as a rule 意思是"通常"；responsibility 后面与 for 搭配；the afflicted and deprived 是由"the + 形容词／分词"构 成的名词化形容词，意思是"贫穷困苦的人"；we live in 是定语从句，修饰 society。

2. The first dime we ever made was ours to spend in any way we chose.

we ever made 是定语从句， 前面省略了关系代词 that 此处不可替代为 which， （ 因为先行词 dime 被序数词 first 修饰） 。

3. No one thought of questioning that.

think of 是固定搭配，意思是"想"。

4. That attitude, formed before we had learned to think, usually prevails through our life: "I made my money. I can spend it any way I like."

formed before we had learned to think 是过去分词短语，作非限制性定语，修饰 that attitude；any way 前面省 略了介词 in。 第五段：

1. But more and more we are reading that the people of the "Third World" feel bitter at us in the developed countries (with the United States far more developed than any of the others) for our seizing hold of two-thirds of the world's wealth and living like kings while they work away all day to earn a bare living.

本段就一个句子：feel bitter at 意为"对…怀恨"；with the United States far more developed than any of the others 是含有 with 的独立结构，由"with + n. + adj."构成；seize hold of 意思是"抓住、占有"，our seizing hold of …是动 名词短语的复合结构；while 意思是"而"；work away 中 away 是副词， 常用于动词后面， 意思是"仍然在…、继续、 不停地"；all day 意为"整天"；earn a living = make a living，意思是"谋生"，earn a bare living 表示"勉强度日"。

P.278

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Unit 11(第 23----25 讲)

第二段：

1. The money and the time we spend on pets is simply not our own to spend as we like in a time of widespread want and starvation. we spend on pets 是定语从句，修饰 the money and the time；句中 want 是名词，表示"贫困、匮 乏"，例如： live in want 生活困苦

be reduced to want 陷入贫困

2. A relief organization advertises that for $33 a month they can give hospital care to a child suffering from kwashiorkor--the severedeficiency disease which is simply a starving for protein.

advertises 后接 that 引导的宾语从句， 从句中 suffer from 是固定搭配， 意思是"患…疾病、 遭受…痛苦"； severe the deficiency disease …是 kwashiorkor 的同位语成分。

3. Doing without such a pet, and then sending the money saved to a relief organization would mean saving a life--over the years, several human lives.

doing without such a pet 和 sending the money saved to a relief organization 是两个并列的动名词短语， 作句子主 语；saved 是过去分词，修饰 the money；mean saving a life 译为"意味着挽救了一条性命"，mean + doing 意思是" 意味着…"，而 mean + to do 表示"想、打算"。 第三段：

1. Children not suffering from such a grave disease could be fed with half that amount--not on a diet like ours, but on plain, basic, life-sustaining food.

not suffering from such a grave disease 是现在分词短语，充当 children 的定语成分；not … but …意思是"不 是…，而是…"。

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Unit 11(第 23----25 讲)

2. It is not unreasonable to believe that the amount of money we spend on the average pet dog could keep a child alive in a region of great poverty.

句首 It 是形式主语，真正主语是 to believe that …，该不定式短语很长，不定式 to believe 后面有宾语从句， 由 that 引导；动词 spend 与介词 on 搭配；keep … alive 意思是"养活"。

3. To give what we would spend on a cat might not feed a child, but it would probably pay for his medical care or basic education.

what we would spend on a cat 是一名词性从句， 表示"我们会花在猫身上的钱"； might not 或 may not 在此处表 示"也许不、可能不"，是部分否定概念，而 cannot / could not 可表示完全否定概念，意思是"不可能"。

4. The point needs no laboring. That is all that need be said.

all 后面的定语从句只能用关系代词 that，不可用 which。

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