Master and Man

by Leo Tolstoy
Translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude

I
It happened in the 'seventies in winter, on the day after St.

Nicholas's Day. There was a fete in the parish and the
innkeeper, Vasili Andreevich Brekhunov, a Second Guild

merchant, being a church elder had to go to church, and had
also to entertain his relatives and friends at home.

But when the last of them had gone he at once began to prepare
to drive over to see a neighbouring proprietor about a grove

which he had been bargaining over for a long time. He was now
in a hurry to start, lest buyers from the town might forestall

him in making a profitable purchase.
The youthfullandowner was asking ten thousand rubles for the

grove simply because Vasili Andreevich was offering seven
thousand. Seven thousand was, however, only a third of its

real value. Vasili Andreevich might perhaps have got it down
to his own price, for the woods were in his district and he had

a long-standingagreement with the other village dealers that
no one should run up the price in another's district, but he

had now learnt that some timber-dealers from town meant to bid
for the Goryachkin grove, and he resolved to go at once and get

the matter settled. So as soon as the feast was over, he took
seven hundred rubles from his strong box, added to them two

thousand three hundred rubles of church money he had in his
keeping, so as to make up the sum to three thousand; carefully

counted the notes, and having put them into his pocket-book
made haste to start.

Nikita, the only one of Vasili Andreevich's labourers who was
not drunk that day, ran to harness the horse. Nikita, though

an habitualdrunkard, was not drunk that day because since the
last day before the fast, when he had drunk his coat and

leather boots, he had sworn off drink and had kept his vow for
two months, and was still keeping it despite the temptation of

the vodka that had been drunk everywhere during the first two
days of the feast.

Nikita was a peasant of about fifty from a neighbouring
village, 'not a manager' as the peasants said of him, meaning

that he was not the thrifty head of a household but lived most
of his time away from home as a labourer. He was valued

everywhere for his industry, dexterity, and strength at work,
and still more for his kindly and pleasant temper. But he

never settled down anywhere for long because about twice a
year, or even oftener, he had a drinking bout, and then besides

spending all his clothes on drink he became turbulent and
quarrelsome. Vasili Andreevich himself had turned him away

several times, but had afterwards taken him back again--valuing
his honesty, his kindness to animals, and especially his

cheapness. Vasili Andreevich did not pay Nikita the eighty
rubles a year such a man was worth, but only about forty, which

he gave him haphazard, in small sums, and even that mostly not
in cash but in goods from his own shop and at high prices.

Nikita's wife Martha, who had once been a handsome vigorous
woman, managed the homestead with the help of her son and two

daughters, and did not urge Nikita to live at home: first
because she had been living for some twenty years already with

a cooper, a peasant from another village who lodged in their
house; and secondly because though she managed her husband as

she pleased when he was sober, she feared him like fire when he
was drunk. Once when he had got drunk at home, Nikita,

probably to make up for his submissiveness when sober, broke
open her box, took out her best clothes, snatched up an axe,

and chopped all her undergarments and dresses to bits. All the
wages Nikita earned went to his wife, and he raised no

objection to that. So now, two days before the holiday, Martha
had been twice to see Vasili Andreevich and had got from him

wheat flour, tea, sugar, and a quart of vodka, the lot costing
three rubles, and also five rubles in cash, for which she

thanked him as for a special favour, though he owed Nikita at
least twenty rubles.

'What agreement did we ever draw up with you?' said Vasili
Andreevich to Nikita. 'If you need anything, take it; you will

work it off. I'm not like others to keep you waiting, and
making up accounts and reckoning fines. We deal

straight-forwardly. You serve me and I don't neglect you.'
And when saying this Vasili Andreevich was honestly convinced

that he was Nikita's benefactor, and he knew how to put it so
plausibly that all those who depended on him for their money,

beginning with Nikita, confirmed him in the conviction that he
was their benefactor and did not overreach them.

'Yes, I understand, Vasili Andreevich. You know that I serve
you and take as much pains as I would for my own father. I

understand very well!' Nikita would reply. He was quite aware
that Vasili Andreevich was cheating him, but at the same time

he felt that it was useless to try to clear up his accounts
with him or explain his side of the matter, and that as long as

he had nowhere to go he must accept what he could get.
Now, having heard his master's order to harness, he went as

usual cheerfully and willingly to the shed, stepping briskly
and easily on his rather turned-in feet; took down from a nail

the heavy tasselled leather bridle, and jingling the rings of
the bit went to the closed stable where the horse he was to

harness was standing by himself.
'What, feeling lonely, feeling lonely, little silly?' said

Nikita in answer to the low whinny with which he was greeted by
the good-tempered, medium-sized bay stallion, with a rather

slanting crupper, who stood alone in the shed. 'Now then, now
then, there's time enough. Let me water you first,' he went

on, speaking to the horse just as to someone who understood the
words he was using, and having whisked the dusty, grooved back

of the well-fed young stallion with the skirt of his coat, he
put a bridle on his handsome head, straightened his ears and

forelock, and having taken off his halter led him out to water.
Picking his way out of the dung-strewn stable, Mukhorty

frisked, and making play with his hind leg pretended that he
meant to kick Nikita, who was running at a trot beside him to

the pump.
'Now then, now then, you rascal!' Nikita called out, well

knowing how carefully Mukhorty threw out his hind leg just to
touch his greasy sheepskin coat but not to strike him--a trick

Nikita much appreciated.
After a drink of the cold water the horse sighed, moving his

strong wet lips, from the hairs of which transparent drops fell
into the trough; then standing still as if in thought, he

suddenly gave a loud snort.
'If you don't want any more, you needn't. But don't go asking

for any later,' said Nikita quite seriously and fully
explaining his conduct to Mukhorty. Then he ran back to the

shed pulling the playful young horse, who wanted to gambol all
over the yard, by the rein.

There was no one else in the yard except a stranger, the cook's
husband, who had come for the holiday.

'Go and ask which sledge is to be harnessed--the wide one or
the small one--there's a good fellow!'