第一百二十一条 国家机关或者国家机关工作人员在执行职务中，侵犯公民、法人的合法权益造成损害的，应当承担民事责任。

Article 121 If a state organ or its personnel, while executing its duties, encroaches upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen or legal person and causes damage, it shall bear civil liability.

第一百二十二条 因产品质量不合格造成他人财产、人身损害的，产品制造者、销售者应当依法承担民事责任。运输者、仓储者对此负有责任的，产品制造者、销售者有权要求赔偿损失。

Article 122 If a substandard product causes property damage or physical injury to others, the manufacturer or seller shall bear civil liability according to law. If the transporter or storekeeper is responsible for the matter, the manufacturer or seller shall have the right to demand compensation for its losses.

第一百二十三条 从事高空、高压、易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性、高速运输工具等对周围环境有高度危险的作业造成他人损害的，应当承担民事责任；如果能够证明损害是由受害人故意造成的，不承担民事责任。

Article 123 If any person causes damage to other people by engaging in operations that are greatly hazardous to the surroundings, such as operations conducted high aboveground, or those involving high pressure, high voltage, combustibles, explosives, highly toxic or radioactive substances or high- speed means of transport, he shall bear civil liability; however, if it can be proven that the damage was deliberately caused by the victim, he shall not bear civil liability.

第一百二十四条 违反国家保护环境防止污染的规定，污染环境造成他人损害的，应当依法承担民事责任。

Article 124 Any person who pollutes the environment and causes damage to others in violation of state provisions for environmental protection and the prevention of pollution shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law.

第一百二十五条 在公共场所、道旁或者通道上挖坑、修缮安装地下设施等，没有设置明显标志和采取安全措施造成他人损害的，施工人应当承担民事责任。

Article 125 Any constructor who engages in excavation, repairs or installation of underground facilities in a public place, on a roadside or in a passageway without setting up clear signs and adopting safety measures and thereby causes damage to others shall bear civil liability.

第一百二十六条 建筑物或者其他设施以及建筑物上的搁置物、悬挂物发生倒塌、脱落、坠落造成他人损害的，它的所有人或者管理人应当承担民事责任，但能够证明自己没有过错的除外。

Article 126 If a building or any other installation or an object placed or hung on a structure collapses, detaches or drops down and causes damage to others, its owner or manager shall bear civil liability, unless he can prove himself not at fault.

第一百二十七条 饲养的动物造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担民事责任；由于受害人的过错造成损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人不承担民事责任；由于第三人的过错造成损害的，第三人应当承担民事责任。

Article 127 If a domesticated animal causes harm to any person, its keeper or manager shall bear civil liability. If the harm occurs through the fault of the victim, the keeper or manager shall not bear civil liability; if the harm occurs through the fault of a third party, the third party shall bear civil liability.

第一百二十八条 因正当防卫造成损害的，不承担民事责任。正当防卫超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，应当承担适当的民事责任。

Article 128 A person who causes harm in exercising justifiable defence shall not bear civil liability. If justifiable defence exceeds the limits of necessity and undue harm is caused, an appropriate amount of civil liability shall be borne.

第一百二十九条 因紧急避险造成损害的，由引起险情发生的人承担民事责任。

Article 129 If harm occurs through emergency actions taken to avoid danger, the person who gave rise to the danger shall bear civil liability.

如果危险是由自然原因引起的，紧急避险人不承担民事责任或者承担适当的民事责任。

If the danger arose from natural causes, the person who took the emergency actions may either be exempt from civil liability or bear civil liability to an appropriate extent.

因紧急避险采取措施不当或者超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，紧急避险人应当承担适当的民事责任。

If the emergency measures taken are improper or exceed the limits of necessity and undue harm is caused, the person who took the emergency action shall bear civil liability to an appropriate extent.

第一百三十条 二人以上共同侵权造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。

Article 130 If two or more persons jointly infringe upon another person's rights and cause him damage, they shall bear joint liability.

第一百三十一条 受害人对于损害的发生也有过错的，可以减轻侵害人的民事责任。

Article 131 If a victim is also at fault for causing the damage, the civil liability of the infringe may be reduced.

第一百三十二条 当事人对造成损害都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由当事人分担民事责任。

Article 132 If none of the parties is at fault in causing damage, they may share civil liability according to the actual circumstances.

第一百三十三条 无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，由监护人承担民事责任。

Article 133 If a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct causes damage to others, his guardian shall bear civil liability.

监护人尽了监护责任的，可以适当减轻他的民事责任。

If the guardian has done his duty of guardianship, his civil liability may be appropriately reduced.

有财产的无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，从本人财产中支付赔偿费用。

If a person who has property but is without or with limited capacity for civil conduct causes damage to others, the expenses of compensation shall be paid from his property.

不足部分，由监护人适当赔偿，但单位担任监护人的除外。

Shortfalls in such expenses shall be appropriately compensated for by the guardian unless the guardian is a unit.

第四节承担民事责任的方式

Section 4 Methods of Bearing Civil Liability

第一百三十四条 承担民事责任的方式主要有：

Article 134 The main methods of bearing civil liability shall be:

（一）停止侵害；

(1) cessation of infringements;

（二）排除妨碍；

(2) removal of obstacles;

（三）消除危险；

(3) elimination of dangers;

（四）返还财产；

(4) return of property;

（五）恢复原状；

(5) restoration of original condition;

（六）修理、重作、更换；

(6) repair, reworking or replacement;

（七）赔偿损失；

(7) compensation for losses;

（八）支付违约金；

(8) payment of breach of contract damages;

（九）消除影响、恢复名誉；

(9) elimination of ill effects and rehabilitation of reputation;

（十）赔礼道歉。

and (10) extension of apology.

以上承担民事责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

The above methods of bearing civil liability may be appliedexclusively or concurrently.

人民法院审理民事案件，除适用上述规定外，还可以予以训诫、责令具结悔过、收缴进行非法活动的财物和非法所得，并可以依照法律规定处以罚款、拘留。

When hearing civil cases, a people's court, in addition to applying the above stipulations, may serve admonitions, order the offender to sign a pledge of repentance, and confiscate the property used in carrying out illegal activities and the illegal income obtained therefrom.It may also impose fines or detentions as stipulated by law.

第七章 诉讼时效

Chapter VII Limitation of Action

第一百三十五条 向人民法院请求保护民事权利的诉讼时效期间为二年，法律另有规定的除外。

Article 135 Except as otherwise stipulated by law, the limitation of action regarding applications to a people's court for protection of civil rights shall be two years.

第一百三十六条 下列的诉讼时效期间为一年：

Article 136 The limitation of action shall be one year in cases concerning the following:

（一）身体受到伤害要求赔偿的；

(1) claims for compensation for bodily injuries;

（二）出售质量不合格的商品未声明的；

(2) sales of substandard goods without proper notice to that effect;

（三）延付或者拒付租金的；

(3) delays in paying rent or refusal to pay rent;

（四）寄存财物被丢失或者损毁的。

or (4) loss of or damage to property left in the care of another person.

第一百三十七条 诉讼时效期间从知道或者应当知道权利被侵害时起计算。但是，从权利被侵害之日起超过二十年的，人民法院不予保护。有特殊情况的，人民法院可以延长诉讼时效期间。

Article 137 A limitation of action shall begin when the entitled person knows or should know that his rights have been infringed upon. However, the people's court shall not protect his rights if 20 years have passed since the infringement. Under special circumstances, the people's court may extend the limitation of action.

第一百三十八条 超过诉讼时效期间，当事人自愿履行的，不受诉讼时效限制。

Article 138 If a party chooses to fulfil obligations voluntarily after the limitation of action has expired, he shall not be subject to the limitation.

第一百三十九条 在诉讼时效期间的最后六个月内，因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权的，诉讼时效中止。

Article 139 A limitation of action shall be suspended during the last six months of the limitation if the plaintiff cannot exercise his right of claim because of force majeure or other obstacles.

从中止时效的原因消除之日起，诉讼时效期间继续计算。

The limitation shall resume on the day when the grounds for the suspension are eliminated.

第一百四十条 诉讼时效因提起诉讼、当事人一方提出要求或者同意履行义务而中断。从中断时起，诉讼时效期间重新计算。

Article 140 A limitation of action shall be discontinued if suit is brought or if one party makes a claim for or agrees to fulfillment of obligations. A new limitation shall be counted from the time of the discontinuance.