I couldn't have got to Slough in time unless I'd had a helicopter.

除非我有一架直升??C, 否?t我是不可能在那???r候?到S地的.

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一般的英??法??娃o典都???到, ?接?unless的涵?和if...not相同,

它??可以互?Q使用. 例如: I shan't go unless he asks me.

等于I shan't go if he does not ask me. (Eckersley's A comprehensive English Grammar);

You will fail unless you work harder. 等于You will fail if you do not work harder.

(A.S. Hornby's The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English).

其??, ??拥奶岱ㄊ遣?蛉?娴? 因?榇嬖谥?@么一?????: unless和 if...not

是否在各??龊舷露寄芑?Q使用呢? ?以上例--I couldn't have got to Slough

in time unless I'd had a helicopter. ?槔?硖接?一下??????.



此句引自???罂? ??人被控犯了?⒆? 在法庭他自??:"?生此案?r,

我并不在S地, 而是在?S地几十里外的另一??小?上, ?于??我可以提供人?......".

接著他?道:"I couldn't have got to Slough in time unless I'd had a helicopter."

如果遵照一般?法???龅墓?? unless=if...not, ?⒋司涓淖? couldn't have got to

Slough in time if I'd not had a helicopter, 那??a生怎?拥暮蠊?? 若改作if...not,

其涵?是: I did have a helicopter and I did get to Slough in time to commit the murder.

?而易?, ?并不是衽所想?的?. ??? unless是在大多??龊舷驴膳cif...not互?Q使用,

但在某些?龊侠?例如在某些???釉~用??M??獾木渥永??s不能相互置?Q,否?t它????a生截然相反的涵?.



值得注意的是, unless用在??M??饩渲?r, 存在著?煞N可能性. 在某些句子中,

它表示if...not的涵?, 可以和if...not互?Q使用. 例如:

Unless you had lent me a hand, I should not have fulfilled my task.

= If you had not lent me a hand, I should not have fulfilled my task.

要不是你????兔? 我是不可能完成任?盏?



然而, 在另一些?龊侠? unless并不是表示 if...not的涵?, 而是表示近似于but...if的涵?.

??r候, 可以改????ut...if, 但?Q不能用if...not去替代. 例如, 衽在法庭上所?的那一句, 可以改????

I could not have got to Slough, but I could have got to Slough if I had had a helicopter.



?有一????注意的是, unless句型和if...not句型具有?]的倏色彩和表??格,

前者是??O的?法, ?B度明朗, ??庥辛? 后者是退一步的?法, ?B度含糊, ??廛?弱?o力.



?在, 你能否?出下列???句子的不同涵??

I should not expect their help unless they were my friends.

I Should not expect their help if they were not my friends.
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