1. After a few weeks' experience, apprentice jewelers can usually begin to discriminate, though not with absolute certainty, genuine diamonds from imitation diamonds.

　　(A) genuine diamonds from imitation diamonds

　　(B) genuine diamonds apart from imitations

　　(C) between genuine diamonds and imitation diamonds

　　(D) among genuine diamonds and imitation diamonds

　　(E) whether diamonds are imitation or genuine

　　2. Convinced at last of the soundness of her advice, the villagers tried crop rotation, built crude sanitary facilities, and even the use of goat's milk for the making of cheese.

　　(A) the use of goat's milk for the making of cheese

　　(B) used goat's milk to make cheese

　　(C) the use of goat's milk in cheese making

　　(D) making cheese from goat's milk

　　(E) goat's milk to make cheese

　　3. The original employees hired, who had been there over twenty years, were fiercely loyal to the firm, and it offered no retirement benefits or profit sharing to any employees.

　　(A) and it offered no

　　(B) and it offered neither

　　(C) still it offered no

　　(D) though it offered no

　　(E) though it offered neither

　　4. Virtually undisturbed for the last three centuries on their starkly beautiful islands near the edge of the Arctic Circle, the inhabitants of the Lofotens have evolved folkways and a life-style that bring warmth to their harsh environment.

　　(A) the inhabitants of the Lofotens have evolved folkways and a life-style that bring warmth

　　(B) the inhabitants of the Lofotens have evolved folkways and a life-style that brings warmth

　　(C) evolving folkways and a life-style were evolved by the Lofotens inhabitants to bring warmth

　　(D) evolving folkways and a life-style brought warmth to the Lofotens' inhabitants as well as

　　(E) warmth-bringing folkways and life-styles have been evolved by the inhabitants of the Lofotens

　　5. If anyone at InterCom Financial Advisers would have anticipated, or even suspected, the impending sale of the Koniko kelp processing plant, they would

　　have advised owners of Koniko stock to unload all shares immediately.

　　(A) If anyone at InterCom Financial Advisers would have anticipated

　　(B) Had anyone at InterCom Financial Advisers anticipated

　　(C) If any people at InterCom Financial Advisers would have anticipated

　　(D) If any people at InterCom Financial Advisers had anticipated

　　(E) If anybody at InterCom Financial Advisers anticipated

6. Those who enter marathons soon learn that, to succeed in these grueling competitive events, runners must be in excellent condition, have unshakable self-confidence, and, most important of all, know how to pace yourself.

　　(A) know how to pace yourself

　　(B) is knowing how to pace yourself

　　(C) know how to pace themselves

　　(D) you must pace yourself

　　(E) they must know how to pace themselves

　　7. For some reason the new consultant treats his clients like idiots, talking to them like they were mentally deficient and incapable of understanding more than the simplest ideas.

　　(A) like idiots, talking to them like they

　　(B) as if they were idiots, talking to them like they

　　(C) like idiots, talking to them as if they

　　(D) as idiots, talking to them like they

　　(E) like idiots who

　　8. The unprecedented increases in the prime lending rate this year has probably been brought about by business community's uncertainty about the President's position on the budget deficit.

　　(A) in the prime lending rate this year has

　　(B) this year in the prime lending rate has

　　(C) this year in the prime lending rate having

　　(D) in the prime lending rate this year had

　　(E) in the prime lending rate this year have

　　9. A shy, religious-minded publisher who had married a duke's daughter, Harold Macmillan's rise to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many, though Churchill had since the 1930s been extolling Macmillan's courage.

　　(A) Harold Macmillan's rise to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many

　　(B) Harold Macmillan's rise in 1957 to the position of Prime Minister surprised many

　　(C) Harold Macmillan's becoming Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many

　　(D) Harold Macmillan surprised many by rising to the position of Prime Minister in 1957

　　(E) the position of Prime Minister attained by Harold Macmillan in 1957 surprised many

　　10. As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s, so that they could learn to fall without being hurt.

　　(A) As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s

　　(B) As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live during the 1950s with their disabilities were helped to practice falling

　　(C) Young polio victims learning to live during the 1950s with their disabilities were helped to practice falling as part of their therapy

　　(D) Young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s as part of their therapy

　　(E) During the 1950s, as part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling

11. According to the professor's philosophy, the antidote to envy is one's own work, always one's own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it.

　　(A) one's own work, always one's own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it

　　(B) always work; because you don't think about it or assess it, you just do it

　　(C) always one's own work: not thinking about or assessing it, but simply to do it

　　(D) not to think or assess, but doing one's own work

　　(E) neither to think about one's own work nor to assess it, it is always simply doing it

　　12. After this year's record-shattering January performance in Madison Square Garden, the ensemble were touted as the country's best new group in decades; no critic or reviewer had anything but praise for the young musicians.

　　(A) the ensemble were touted as the country's

　　(B) the ensemble was touted as the country's

　　(C) the country touted the ensemble like the

　　(D) touting the ensemble as the country's

　　(E) they were touting the ensemble as the country's

　　13. Ms. Wright tries to get inside Iran to understand how it works, the role it has played in the Middle East and its intricaterelationship with the United States, which is complex and depends heavily on understanding of the Farsi language.

　　(A) which is complex and depends

　　(B) because it is complex and depends

　　(C) but they are complex and depend

　　(D) which are complex and depend

　　(E) a task that is complex and depends

　　14. Published during the late eighteenth century, Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide were the cause of such a sensationalscandal, and both men prudently chose to embark on extended vacations in nearby Austria.

　　(A) Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide were the cause of such a sensationalscandal, and

　　(B) Diderot and his friend Voltaire's caused such a sensationalscandal with their factual Encyclopedia and fictional Candide, respectively, that

　　(C) Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide were the cause of a scandal so sensational that

　　(D) the scandal caused by Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide was so sensational

　　(E) a factual Encyclopedia by Diderot and the fictional Candide, by his friend Voltaire, caused a sensationalscandal, which

　　15. Astronomers studying the newly discovered star say that it provides clues about our galaxy's origin, that it may supply data about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and moreover it is perhaps the most distant star in the entire Milky Way.

　　(A) about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and moreover it is perhaps

　　(B) regarding the speed our galaxy expands at; moreover, they think it may be

　　(C) about how fast our galaxy expands and perhaps be

　　(D) on the galaxy's expansion rate and perhaps

　　(E) about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and that it is perhaps

16. The decisions of John Marshall, the fourth chief justice, have had a greater influence than any chief justice in history.

　　(A) than any chief justice in history

　　(B) historically than any other chief justice

　　(C) than have those of any chief justice in history

　　(D) in history as any other chief justice has had

　　(E) than those of any other chief justice in history

　　17. Most North Carolina ski resorts broadcast music onto the slopes; skiers can choose among hard rock, soft pop, and "beautiful music" slopes, there are no slopes without music.

　　(A) skiers can choose among hard rock, soft pop, and "beautiful music" slopes, there are

　　(B) because skiers can choose hard rock, soft pop, or "beautiful music," there are

　　(C) however, skiers can choose among hard rock, soft pop, "beautiful music," and

　　(D) although skiers can choose among hard rock, soft pop, and "beautiful music" slopes, there are

　　(E) skiers can choose among hard rock, soft pop, "beautiful music" slopes, but

　　18. The owner of Steele's Grocery in Osage, Ohio, saved $600 monthly on heat during the winter by putting all his refrigerator air compressors together in an insulated compartment, then installing two fans and a duct that carried waste heat from the compressors into the main part of the store.

　　(A) then installing two fans and a duct that carried

　　(B) then he installing two fans and a duct that carried

　　(C) then two fans were installed with a duct that carried

　　(D) installing two fans, and then carrying through a duct

　　(E) installing two fans, and a duct carrying

　　19. Aviation officials have not only failed to determine the cause of the crash, but they have also ignored demands by the pilots union that the investigation should be expedited.

　　(A) crash, but they have also ignored demands by the pilots union that the investigation should be expedited

　　(B) crash but also ignored demands by the pilots union that the investigation be expedited

　　(C) crash but have ignored demands for expediting the investigation by the pilots' union

　　(D) crash, but they are also ignoring the pilots' union's demands to expedite the investigation

　　(E) crash: the demands by the pilots' union that the investigation should be expedited have also been ignored

　　20. Wynton and Branford Marsalis, brothers who have fused the complex rhythms of contemporary jazz with the rollicking musical legacy of their hometown, are fittingsymbols of the New Orleans jazz revival.

　　(A) Wynton and Branford Marsalis, brothers who have fused the complex rhythms of contemporary jazz with the rollicking musical legacy of their hometown, are fittingsymbols of the New Orleans jazz revival.

　　(B) Wynton and Branford Marsalis are brothers, have fused the complex rhythms of contemporary jazz with the rollicking musical legacy of their hometown, and are fittingsymbols of the New Orleans jazz revival.

　　(C) The Marsalis brothers, Wynton and Branford, have fused the complex

　　rhythms of contemporary jazz with the rollicking musical legacy of their hometown, which is a fittingsymbol of the New Orleans jazz revival.

　　(D) Fusing the rhythms of contemporary jazz, which are complex, with the rollicking musical legacy of their hometown, Wynton and Branford Marsalis are a fittingsymbol of the New Orleans jazz revival.

　　(E) A fittingsymbol of the New Orleans jazz revival are brothers Wynton and Branford Marsalis, who fuse the complex rhythms of contemporary jazz with the rollicking musical legacy of their hometown.

21. After Queen Isabella asked Admiral Columbus to describe the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), which was newly discovered, he had reached for a sheet of paper, crumpled it, and said, "It looks like that-beyond the mountains, more mountains."

　　(A) After Queen Isabella asked Admiral Columbus to describe the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), which was newly discovered, he had reached

　　(B) On being asked to describe the new discovery of the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti) by Queen Isabella, Admiral Columbus, reaching

　　(C) Queen Isabella asked Admiral Columbus to describe the newly discovered island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), then he reached

　　(D) When asked by Queen Isabella to describe the newly discovered island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), Admiral Columbus reached

　　(E) After Queen Isabella had asked Admiral Columbus to describe the discovery of the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), he had reached

　　22. Sculptor Alexander Calder, who often made use of old pieces of junk in his art and also believed in recycling at home; he once turned a broken goblet into a dinner bell and a cake mold into a lamp.

　　(A) Sculptor Alexander Calder, who often made use of old pieces of junk in his art and also believed in recycling at home; he

　　(B) Alexander Calder, for whom old pieces of junk was often made into sculpture, believed in recycling at home and

　　(C) A believer in recycling at home, sculptor Alexander Calder often made use for old pieces of junk in his art; he

　　(D) Alexander Calder, for whom sculpture was often made from old pieces of junk, also believed in recycling at home, for example, he

　　(E) Sculptor Alexander Calder, who often made use of old pieces of junk in his art, also believed in recycling at home; he

　　23. A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered as a delicacy fit for a gourmet by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

　　(A) A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered as a delicacy fit for a gourmet by most Japanese, though it is

　　virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

　　(B) Considered to be a delicacy fit for a gourmet by most Japanese, genmai-cha is a special green tea that contains brown rice, virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

　　(C) A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered a gourmet delicacy by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

　　(D) Most Japanese consider genmai-cha, a special green tea which contains brown rice, as a delicacyvirtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

　　(E) Though virtually unavailable outside Yokohama, most Japanese consider genmai-cha, a special green tea that contains brown rice, a gourmet delicacy.

　　24. The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as "The Iron Horse," are legendary.

　　(A) The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as "The Iron Horse," are legendary.

　　(B) The endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, a baseball star known as "The Iron Horse," is legendary.

　　(C) Known as "The Iron Horse," the endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, the baseball star, is legendary.

　　(D) The reason baseball star Lou Gehrig is known as "The Iron Horse" is because of his legendary endurance and consistency.

　　(E) Known as "The Iron Horse," baseball star Lou Gehrig's endurance and consistency are legendary.

　　25. Income in a single year is a very poor guide to income and wealth over even a few years, much less a lifetime; in the longer run, a tax on what people spend is therefore not much different than a tax on their income.

　　(A) than a tax on their income

　　(B) from a tax on what they earn

　　(C) than taxing income

　　(D) from the income tax

　　(E) than a tax on what people earn

　　Keys:

　　1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. E 9. D 10. E 11. A 12. B 13. E 14. C 15. E 16. E 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. E 23. C 24. A 25. B

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