.. Like Edvard Grieg, whom the Scandinavians long refused to recognize, the Italians' disregard for Verdi persisted for a decade after his criticalacclaim in France and Austria.

　　(A) Like Edvard Grieg, whom the Scandinavians long refused to recognize,

　　(B) Like Edvard Grieg, who the Scandinavians long refused to recognize,

　　(C) Just as Edvard Grieg was long refused recognition by the Scandinavians,

　　(D) Just as the Scandinavians long refused to recognize Edvard Grieg, so

　　(E) Like the Scandinavians' long refusal to recognize Edvard Grieg,

　　2. As the housing affordability gap widens, middle-income families are especially hard-hit, and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and rising rental rates force them to use far more than the standard 25 percent of their incomes for housing, leaving them with no equity or tax write-offs to offset the expenditures.

　　(A) and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and

　　(B) since these families can no longer afford to buy homes, furthermore

　　(C) for these families can no longer afford to buy homes, yet

　　(D) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes; however,

　　(E) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes, for

　　3. Confused by the many strata and substrata of ancient civilizations overlying one another, Schliemann's excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily called to a halt.

　　(A) Schliemann's excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily called to a halt

　　(B) Schliemann's excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, temporarily halted

　　(C) Schliemann temporarily halted his excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy

　　(D) excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily halted by Schliemann

　　(E) excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, and of the ancient Troy, were temporarily halted by Schliemann

　　4. Lower-level management function most effectively when they have thorough training and unimpeded communication with workers, supervisors, and one another.

　　(A) management function most effectively when they have

　　(B) managers function most effectively when they have

　　(C) management functions most effectively when they have

　　(D) managers function most effectively when they have received

　　(E) management functions most effectively when it has

　　5. The exigencies of dramatic art, as shown even by the history plays of Shakespeare, makes the foreshortening of

　　dramatized historical events inevitable.

　　(A) makes the foreshortening of dramatized historical events inevitable

　　(B) made dramatized historical events inevitably foreshortened

　　(C) make the foreshortening of dramatized historical events inevitable

　　(D) has inevitably foreshortened dramatized historical events

　　(E) inevitably foreshortens dramatized historical events

6. The main reasons for the phenomenal growth of agribusiness over the last fifteen years are because of elevated land prices, the basing of retail marketing networks on produce imported from other states, and decreased competition from developers.

　　(A) because of elevated land prices, the basing of retail marketing networks

　　(B) a result of elevated land prices, retail marketing networks based

　　(C) that land prices are elevated, retail marketing networks are based

　　(D) elevated land prices, retail marketing networks based

　　(E) because land prices are elevated, the basing of retail marketing networks

　　7. Everyone participating in the early sociological study committed a crucial methodological error by failing to fully consider alternative ways of classifying their data.

　　(A) by failing to fully consider alternative ways of classifying their

　　(B) by failing fully to consider alternative ways of classifying their

　　(C) they failed to consider alternative ways to classify their

　　(D) by not fully consideringalternative ways to classify the

　　(E) by not considering fully alternative ways of classifying his or her

　　8. During an era when interracial tensions in the United States have run high, Rosa Parks became a quiet, unassuming symbol of the continued struggle for human dignity.

　　(A) have run high

　　(B) ran high

　　(C) had run highly

　　(D) run high

　　(E) were running highly

　　9. In such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, Frederic Remington caught the public's fancy by portraying those moments of conflict that defined the West's romantic heroes.

　　(A) In such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, Frederic Remington caught the public's fancy

　　(B) In such works as Frederic Remington's 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, the public's fancy was caught

　　(C) Frederic Remington, catching the public's fancy in such works as the 1889 masterpiece A Dash for the Timber, did it

　　(D) The fancy of Frederic Remington's public was caught in his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber,

　　(E) The public's fancy was caught by Frederic Remington in such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber,

　　10. The Coast Guard recently redesigned channel markers in the Chesapeake Bay to accommodate large numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests formerly obstructed the lights.

　　(A) numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests

　　(B) numbers of ospreys, their huge nests

　　(C) amounts of ospreys, the huge nests of which

　　(D) nests of ospreys they

　　(E) numbers of ospreys, and their huge nests

11. An unusually strong cyclist can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set a new distance record for human-powered aircraft in MIT's diaphanous construction of graphite fiber and plastic.

　　(A) can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set

　　(B) it is hoped, can provide enough power that will set

　　(C) hopefully" title="ad.抱着希望地">hopefully can provide enough power, this will set

　　(D) is hopeful to set

　　(E) hopes setting

　　12. Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling.

　　(A) Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling.

　　(B) The reason offshore oil drilling presents a considerablyenvironmental risk is because of chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts.

　　(C) A considerable risk to the environment is presented during offshore oil drilling, where low-level leaks are chronic and the routine discharge of mud and mineral salts.

　　(D) Offshore oil drilling presents a considerable risk to the environment due to the fact of chronic low-level leaks, and mud and mineral salts are routinely discharged.

　　(E) Chronic low-level leaking, along with the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts, are what make offshore oil drilling environmentally risky.

　　13. Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home, they featured the preparation of great quantities of ceremonial food, the wearing of many layers of colorful clothing adorned with silver, and the recounting of traditional tribal jokes and stories.

　　(A) Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home, they featured

　　(B) Festivals were held in Aho, a Kiowa matriarch's home, which featured

　　(C) Aho, who was a Kiowa matriarch in her home, held festivals featuring

　　(D) In her home, Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals that featured

　　(E) Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home that featured

　　14. Innovative companies are not only skillful in developing new products but also in finding new ways to promote old ones.

　　(A) are not only skillful in developing new products but also in finding

　　(B) are skillful not only in developing new products but also in finding

　　(C) not only are skillful in developing new products, they also find

　　(D) not only develop new products, but they are also skillful in finding

　　(E) are both skillful in the development of new products and in finding

　　15. Madagascar was one of the last habitable areas of the earth to undergo human settlement, which has made it an ideal site for researching rare flora and fauna.

　　(A) Madagascar was one of the last habitable areas of the earth to undergo human settlement, which has made it

　　(B) Madagascar was one of the last habitable areas of the earth to have undergone human settlement, and that has made it

　　(C) Madagascar underwent human settlement as one of the last habitable areas of the earth, which makes it

　　(D) Madagascar, one of the last habitable areas of the earth, underwent human settlement, making it

　　(E) Because Madagascar was one of the last habitable areas of the earth to undergo human settlement, it is

16. International sporting events need not be fiscal disasters, the financial success of the 1992 Olympic Games demonstrates that fact.

　　(A) the financial success of the 1992 Olympic Games demonstrates that fact

　　(B) for example, the 1992 Olympic Games were financially successful

　　(C) like the financial success of the 1992 Olympic Games demonstrates

　　(D) a fact demonstrated by the 1992 Olympic Games, which were financially successful

　　(E) as the financial success of the 1992 Olympic Games demonstrates

　　17. In his work, Leon Forrest is more reminiscent of Henry Miller's obsessive narratives and Toni Morrison's mythic languages than James Joyce's internal explorations.

　　(A) In his work, Leon Forrest is more reminiscent of

　　(B) Leon Forrest writes more like

　　(C) Leon Forrest's work is more reminiscent of

　　(D) Leon Forrest reminds one more of

　　(E) Leon Forrest's work more resembles that of

　　18. The National Labor Relations Act expressly forbids unions from engaging in secondary boycotts against companies not directly involved in a labor dispute.

　　(A) unions from engaging in

　　(B) the engagement by unions of

　　(C) unions to engage in

　　(D) unions from becoming engaged with

　　(E) that unions engage upon

　　19. Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he also won the loyalty of its citizens: the invading Danes were well aware of this weakness and used it to their advantage in 893.

　　(A) Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he

　　(B) The fact that King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he had

　　(C) Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean he

　　(D) The fact that King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean that he

　　(E) Just because King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean he

　　20. The argument that the dominant form of family structure today is not the nuclear family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families, the amount of vertical and horizontal communication between family subunits, and the extent to which family members offer assistance to one another.

　　(A) family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families

　　(B) family, but is instead a family that is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist

　　(C) family, which has been modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families

　　(D) family but a modified extended family is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families

　　(E) family, but also a modified and extended family, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist

21. Recent essays by Garrison Keillor, the humorist and host of the public radio show A Prairie Home Companion, describes what might happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths were to invade Chicago.

　　(A) describes what might happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths were to invade

　　(B) describes what would happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths invaded

　　(C) describes what would happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths would have invaded

　　(D) describe what might happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths were to invade

　　(E) describe what happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths invade

　　22. Bill Walton continued on playing, even though he had injuries that recurred over and over again, always hoping to return back to his position as a regular starter in the game he loved.

　　(A) on playing, even though he had injuries that recurred over and over again, always hoping to return back

　　(B) playing, in spite of recurrent injuries, always hoping to return

　　(C) playing, though injured over and over, and he was always hoping to return back

　　(D) on playing, even with injuries that recurred, and always hoped to return

　　(E) to play, despite recurring injuries, hoping that the return

　　23. Of the twin supernovas, the most recently discovered is the largest, but it is the small one that has irrevocably altered astronomists' ideas about the origins of the universe.

　　(A) the most recently discovered is the largest, but it is the small one

　　(B) the one most recently discovered is the largest, but it is the small one

　　(C) the most recently discovered is larger, but it is the smaller

　　(D) the more recently discovered one is the large one but the small one

　　(E) the more recently discovered is the larger, but it is the smaller one

　　24. As U.S. nuclear attack submarines prowl their familiar haunts deep within the oceans of the world these days, they increasingly are engaged in missions far different from the tasks for which they were built and for which their crews were trained over the last forty years.

　　(A) they increasingly are engaged in missions far different from the tasks for which they were built

　　(B) the missions they increasingly engage in are far different than the tasks they were built for

　　(C) they engage increasingly in missions that differ significantly from the tasks they were built for

　　(D) the missions they engage in are increasingly different than the tasks for which they were built

　　(E) they increasingly engage in missions far different than the tasks for which they were built

　　25. Dance fans knew Tamara Geva as a soloist in several Ballanchine works, a dancer who introduced his choreography to the United States, and as a star in Broadway theater.

　　(A) a dancer who introduced

　　(B) as a dancer which introduced

　　(C) the dancer to introduce

　　(D) who introduced

　　(E) as the dancer who introduced

　　Keys:

　　1. E 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. E 16. E 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. D 22. B 23. E 24. A 25. E
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