三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises； foreign-invested enterprises （Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises）

存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation

吸收游资 absorb idle fund

经常性贷款 commercial lending

经常性支出 operating expenses

再贷款 re-lending； subloan

支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market

改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.

进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market

增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing

完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets

中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission （CSRC）

深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange

上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange

综合指数 composite index

纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation

主板市场 the main board

通货紧缩 deflation

中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China's modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One： GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two： GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980； people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three： By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China's level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries

与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy

中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.

适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.

经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.

一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.

立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play

扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization

瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints

放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions （in late 1980s and early 1990s）

深化改革 intensify reform； deepen one's commitment to reform

配套改革 supporting （concomitant） reforms

配套资金 counterpart funds； local funding of

提高经济效益 improve economic performance； increase economic returns

讲求社会效益 value contribution to society； pay attention to social effect

加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy

拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

费改税 transformadministrative fees into taxes

债转股 debt-to-equity swap

头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position （tight position）

朝阳产业 sunrise industry

招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project

充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy

实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy

向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.

再注资 recapitalization

放松银根 to ease monetary policy

信息经济 IT economy

外向型经济 export-oriented economy

信息时代 information age

全球化 globalization （全球性globality）

信誉风险 reputational risk

风险评级 risk rating

到期不还贷 default on a loan

资不抵债 insolvency； be insolvent

亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis （1997-98）

投资（贷款）组合 investment （loan） portfolio

外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves

中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China

储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply

国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,

国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks

少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions

不良贷款 non-performing loans

防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks

提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises' creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities

监事会 supervisory board

实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards

五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach

金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies

分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets

分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale

规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions

政策性银行 state policy-related bank

国家发展银行 State Development Bank

知识经济 knowledge-based economy

网络经济 Internet-based networked economy

指导性计划 guidance plan

社会主义市场经济（中国） socialist market economy

社会市场经济（德国） social market economy

新经济（美国） new economy

中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China

中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.

中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank

中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank

汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation （HKSBC）

金融监管 financial supervision

中国人民银行法 Law of the People's Bank of China

商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks

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