在大学英语六级考试中，阅读理解题占据分值比例为35%，相比于听力理解题需要大量练习而言，对于广大考生来说更容易突破一点，是为整个六级考试中决定成败的题目。值此考试临近，笔者将在本文中给广大考生梳理一下阅读理解题的选项特征，以达到明确备考思路，有的放矢！

通常来说，到这个阶段，考生已经把近年的真题都做过一大部分了，这时往往会出现慌乱，并开始去做各种模拟题，这是笔者所不推荐的，笔者认为只有真题会对考试有针对性的指向。那这时如果再看真题可能有的考生朋友会说："答案都记住了，单词也背了，还有什么值得看的？"之类的问题，笔者建议还是要看，要研究正确答案与文章的关系。

笔者认为，在六级阅读部分，正确答案与文章存在四种关系：

1. 原文再现；

2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换；

3. 语序调整同义替换；

4. 全文整体同义转换。

而六级的几个阅读问题分别对应方法如下：

快速阅读，平均每次考试有约八道题都属于1.原文再现；2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换；

简答题，平均每次考试有约四道题属于1.原文再现；

传统阅读，平均每次考试大部分属于2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换和3. 语序调整同义替换。少数会出现1. 原文再现和4. 全文整体同义转换。

这个阶段看做过的题，笔者建议考生尽量把选项与文章进行对比，看看能不能把每个题的选项与文章按以上关系对号入座。经过这样的思考，当我们再看到新题时，就会不由自主的给每个选项进行归类分析，也就能相对更快的找出正确答案了。

下面，以2010年12月的六级阅读真题中的快速阅读和一篇传统阅读为例进行分析。

快速阅读：

1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pensionsystem in most countries could ______.

［A］ not be sustained in the long term

［B］ further accelerate the ageing process

［C］ hardly halt the growth of population

［D］ help tide over the current ageing crisis

来自文章中的这句：

By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled "Averting the Old Age Crisis", it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.

由此可见，A与原文说法最为接近，属于2. 结构相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中的unsustainable换成了not be sustained。

2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?

［A］ The generation gap is bound to narrow.

［B］ Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.

［C］ The younger generation will beat the old.

［D］ Old people should give way to the young.

来自文章的这句：

They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.

由此可见，B与原文说法最为接近，属于2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中的intergenerational warfare替换成了intergenerational conflicts。

3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that ______.

［A］ nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem

［B］ most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately

［C］ the proposed reforms will affect too many people's interests

［D］ politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election

来自文章中的这句：

Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.

由此可见，D与原文说法最为接近，属于2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中politicians with an eye on the next election替换成了politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election。

4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pensioncrisis is to ______.

［A］ allow people to work longer ［C］ cut back on health care provisions

［B］ increase tax revenues ［D］ start reforms right away

来自文章中的这句：

By far the most effective method to restrainpension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time.

由此可见，A项为最佳，属于1. 原文再现。

5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______.

［A］ they are generally difficult to manage

［B］ the longer they work, the higher their pension

［C］ their pay is higher than that of younger ones

［D］ younger workers are readily available

来自文章中的这句：

Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers' choice.

由此可见，D项与原文最接近，属于2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的plenty of younger ones to choose from替换成了younger workers are readily available。

6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______.

［A］ to revise its current population control policy

［B］ large numbers of immigrants from overseas

［C］ to automate its manufacturing and service industries

［D］ a politically feasiblepolicyconcerning population

来自文章中的这句：

Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present.

由此可见，B项最为接近原文，属于2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的a large multiple of the few immigrants替换成了large numbers of immigrants。

7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child?

［A］ Small families are becoming more fashionable.

［B］ They find it hard to balance career and family.

［C］ It is too expensive to support a large family.

［D］ Child care is too big a problem for them.

来自文章中的这句：

Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.

由此可见，B项最为接近原文，属于2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的combine family and career替换成了balance career and family。

传统阅读：

52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.

［A］ solve virtually all existing problems ［C］ help raise people's living standards

［B］ quicken the pace of industrialization ［D］ promote the nation's social progress

来自文章中的这句：

In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem.