53.   Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ?

［A］ They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.

［B］ They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.

［C］ They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.

［D］ They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.

来自文章中的这句：

Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy.

由此可见，D项与原文最为接近，属于2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的rocked the confidence …… scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world替换成了science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world。

54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?

［A］ The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.

［B］ Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.

［C］ America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.

［D］ There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.

来自文章中的这句：

There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines.

由此可见，C项最为接近原文，属于2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的falling替换成了lagging，essential disciplines指代上文中的STEM disciplines。

55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?

［A］ Insufficient funding.                ［C］ Shortage of devoted faculty.

［B］ Shrinking enrollment.                   ［D］ Dim prospects for graduates.

来自文章中的这句：

At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves.

由此可见，A项与原文最接近，属于2. 结构顺序相同，词语同义替换。把原文中的underfunded替换成了insufficient funding。

56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?

［A］ They promote the development of science and technology.

［B］ They help prepare students for their professional careers.

［C］ Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.

［D］ Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students’ creativity.

来自文章中的这句：

But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values.

由此可见，C项与原文最为接近，属于1. 原文再现。

明确了这些正确答案的特征再看新题，相信会给各位考生朋友一点启发。最后附上另一篇2010年12月的传统阅读题，以供大家训练一下。

Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.

Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.

But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.

For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.

Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.

“The independence created by philosophicalinsight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944.

And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.

Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.

“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”

Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.

“The actualfabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”

Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journalAnnalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.

What might happen to such a submission today?

“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”

注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?

［A］ Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.

［B］ It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.

［C］ No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.

［D］ It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.

58. What was critical to Einstein’s success?

［A］ His talent as an accomplished musician.

［B］ His independent and abstract thinking.

［C］ His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.

［D］ His solid foundation in math theory.

59. What does the author tell us about physicists today?

［A］ They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.

［B］ They are very good at solving practical problems.

［C］ They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.

［D］ They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.

60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)?

［A］ People have to compete in order to get their papers published.

［B］ It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.

［C］ Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.

［D］ Nobody will read papers on apparentlyridiculous theories.

61.   When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.

［A］ forgot to make footnotes and citations

［B］ was little known in academic circles

［C］ was known as a young genius in math calculations

［D］ knew nothing about the format of academic papers

参考答案：

57. D）It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges （3. 语序调整同义替换）

58. B）His independent and abstract thinking （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换）

59. D）They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits （4. 全文整体同义转换）

60. C）Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today （4. 全文整体同义转换）

61. B）was little known in academic circles （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换）

system [´sistəm]   n.系统，体系，制度   (初中英语单词)

generation [,dʒenə´reiʃən]   n.发生；世代；同龄人   (初中英语单词)

willing [´wiliŋ]   a.情愿的，乐意的   (初中英语单词)

affect [ə´fekt]   vt.影响；感动；假装   (初中英语单词)

surprising [sə´praiziŋ]   a.惊人的；意外的   (初中英语单词)

election [i´lekʃən]   n.选举；选择   (初中英语单词)

effective [i´fektiv]   a.有效的；有力的   (初中英语单词)

readily [´redili]   ad.乐意地；容易地   (初中英语单词)

partly [´pɑ:tli]   ad.部分地；不完全地   (初中英语单词)

career [kə´riə]   n.经历；生涯；职业   (初中英语单词)

expensive [ik´spensiv]   a.费钱的，昂贵的   (初中英语单词)

combine [kəm´bain]   v.(使)结合；联合企业   (初中英语单词)

promote [prə´məut]   vt.促进；发扬；助长   (初中英语单词)

scientific [,saiən´tifik]   a.科学(上)的   (初中英语单词)

financial [fi´nænʃəl]   a.金融的，财政的   (初中英语单词)

depression [di´preʃən]   n.沮丧，抑郁；萧条   (初中英语单词)

prosperous [´prɔspərəs]   a.繁荣的；顺利的   (初中英语单词)

enthusiasm [in´θju:ziæzəm]   n.热心；狂热；爱好   (初中英语单词)

considerable [kən´sidərəbəl]   a.重要的；值得重视   (初中英语单词)

essential [i´senʃəl]   a.必需的 n.要素，要点   (初中英语单词)

seriously [´siəriəsli]   ad.严肃；严重，重大   (初中英语单词)

attach [ə´tætʃ]   v.附；使隶属；使依恋   (初中英语单词)

professional [prə´feʃənəl]   a.职业的 n.自由职业   (初中英语单词)

culture [´kʌltʃə]   n.修养；文化；饲养   (初中英语单词)

cultivate [´kʌltiveit]   vt.耕作；培植；培养   (初中英语单词)

remarkable [ri´mɑ:kəbl]   a.值得注意的；显著的   (初中英语单词)

emerge [i´mə:dʒ]   vi.出现；显露；暴露   (初中英语单词)

account [ə´kaunt]   vi.说明 vt.认为 n.帐目   (初中英语单词)

working [´wə:kiŋ]   a.工人的；劳动的   (初中英语单词)

anytime [´enitaim]   ad.无论什么时候   (初中英语单词)

aspect [´æspekt]   n.面貌；神色；方向   (初中英语单词)

philosophy [fi´lɔsəfi]   n.哲学；人生观   (初中英语单词)

independence [,indi´pendəns]   n.独立，自主，自立   (初中英语单词)

distinction [di´stiŋkʃən]   n.差别；特征；卓越   (初中英语单词)

valley [´væli]   n.谷；河谷；流域   (初中英语单词)

columbia [kə´lʌmbiə]   n.哥伦比亚   (初中英语单词)

actual [´æktʃuəl]   a.现实的；实际的   (初中英语单词)

fabric [´fæbrik]   n.织物；结构；组织   (初中英语单词)

institute [´institju:t]   n.学院 vt.建立；设置   (初中英语单词)

journal [´dʒə:nəl]   n.日记；日报；杂志   (初中英语单词)

talent [´tælənt]   n.天才；才干；天资   (初中英语单词)

foundation [faun´deiʃən]   n.建立；基金；地基   (初中英语单词)

neglect [ni´glekt]   vt.&n.疏忽；忽视；忽略   (初中英语单词)

compete [kəm´pi:t]   v.比赛，竞争，对抗   (初中英语单词)

genius [´dʒi:niəs]   n.天才(人物)；天赋   (初中英语单词)

pension [´penʃən]   n.津贴 vt.给予…抚恤   (高中英语单词)

tackle [´tækəl]   n.用具；装置 vt.处理   (高中英语单词)

crisis [´kraisis]   n.转折点；危机   (高中英语单词)

restrain [ri´strein]   vt.抑制；管束；限制   (高中英语单词)

concerning [kən´sə:niŋ]   prep.关于   (高中英语单词)

compromise [´kɔmprəmaiz]   n.妥协，和解   (高中英语单词)

quicken [´kwikən]   v.加快；加速；鼓舞   (高中英语单词)

enthusiastic [inθju:zi´æstik]   a.热情的，热心的   (高中英语单词)

guarantee [,gærən´ti:]   n.保证；担保 vt.允诺   (高中英语单词)

significant [sig´nifikənt]   a.重要的；意义重大的   (高中英语单词)

define [di´fain]   vt.解释；说明；限定   (高中英语单词)

memorial [mi´mɔ:riəl]   a.纪念的 n.纪念物   (高中英语单词)

philosopher [fi´lɔsəfə]   n.哲学家；思想家；哲人   (高中英语单词)

musician [mju:´ziʃən]   n.音乐家，作曲家   (高中英语单词)

furiously [´fjuəriəsli]   ad.狂怒地；有力地   (高中英语单词)

surpass [sə´pɑ:s]   vt.超过，胜过   (高中英语单词)

critical [´kritikəl]   a.批评的；关键性的   (高中英语单词)

saying [´seiŋ, ´sei-iŋ]   n.言语；言论；格言   (高中英语单词)

scientist [´saiəntist]   n.(自然)科学家   (高中英语单词)

apparently [ə´pærəntli]   ad.显然，表面上地   (高中英语单词)

ridiculous [ri´dikjuləs]   a.荒谬的；可笑的   (高中英语单词)

happening [´hæpəniŋ]   n.事件，偶然发生的事   (英语四级单词)

unwilling [ʌn´wiliŋ]   a.不愿意的；不情愿的   (英语四级单词)

compensate [´kɔmpenseit]   v.赔偿；补偿；酬报   (英语四级单词)

revise [ri´vaiz]   vt.修订；修改   (英语四级单词)

policy [´pɔlisi]   n.政策；权谋；保险单   (英语四级单词)

virtually [´və:tʃuəli]   ad.实际上，实质上   (英语四级单词)

status [´steitəs]   n.身份；情形；状况   (英语四级单词)

stability [stə´biliti]   n.稳定；巩固；坚定   (英语四级单词)

academic [,ækə´demik]   a.学术的 n.大学学生   (英语四级单词)

shortage [´ʃɔ:tidʒ]   n.不足(量)；缺少   (英语四级单词)

devoted [di´vəutid]   a.献身…的，忠实的   (英语四级单词)

inevitably [in´evitəbli]   ad.不可避免地；必然地   (英语四级单词)

experienced [ik´spiəriənst]   a.有经验的；熟练的   (英语四级单词)

mathematics [,mæθə´mætiks]   n.数学   (英语四级单词)

artisan [,ɑ:ti´zæn]   n.手艺人；技工   (英语四级单词)

specialist [´speʃəlist]   n.专家   (英语四级单词)

accomplished [ə´kʌmpliʃt]   a.完成了的；熟练的   (英语四级单词)

violin [,vaiə´lin]   n.(小)提琴   (英语四级单词)

considering [kən´sidəriŋ]   prep.就…而论   (英语四级单词)

gathering [´gæðəriŋ]   n.集会，聚集   (英语四级单词)

submission [səb´miʃən]   n.屈服；谦恭   (英语四级单词)

abstract [´æbstrækt]   a.抽象的 n.提要   (英语四级单词)

accelerate [ək´seləreit]   v.加速；变快；促进   (英语六级单词)

taking [´teikiŋ]   a.迷人的 n.捕获物   (英语六级单词)

timidly [´timidli]   ad.胆怯地   (英语六级单词)

unpopular [ʌn´pɔpjulə]   a.不受欢迎的   (英语六级单词)

holding [´həuldiŋ]   n.保持，固定，存储   (英语六级单词)

feasible [´fi:zibəl]   a.可行的，可实行的   (英语六级单词)

insufficient [,insə´fiʃənt]   a.不足的，无能的   (英语六级单词)

einstein [´ainstain]   n.爱因斯坦   (英语六级单词)

independently [,indi´pendəntli]   ad.独立地；自由地   (英语六级单词)

philosophical [,filə´sɔfikəl]   a.哲学(上)的；冷静的   (英语六级单词)

insight [´insait]   n.洞悉；洞察力；见识   (英语六级单词)

unlikely [ʌn´laikli]   a.不像的；未必可能的   (英语六级单词)