章节正文
2006年英译汉全文
仍在修改中，有错请指出，谢谢。
Is it true that the American intellectual is
rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to
suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the
story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have
rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have
grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not
Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
在美国社会中，知识分子真的受到排斥并被视为毫无价值吗？我要说的是，事实并非如此。布鲁克伯杰神父提出，是知识分子排斥了美国人。他只说出了部分真相。但知识分子做的不止于此：他们对知识分子扮演的角色越来越不满。反知识分子的不是美国人，而是知识分子自己。
First, the object of our study pleads for
definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as
an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in
life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral
problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately,
and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking
moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems
appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which
he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a
judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a
matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his
decision.
首先，需要对我们的研究对象给出定义。什么是知识分子？我对知识分子的定义是：这种人对道德问题进行苏格拉底式的思考，并视其为人生的首要任务和乐趣所在。他自觉、清晰、坦诚地探讨这些问题，首先提出实际问题，然后提出道义问题，最后根据获得的事实和道义方面的信息，提出看上去恰当的解决办法。他的职责与法官类似，即用尽可能清晰的方式展示自己做决定的推理过程。
This definition excludes many individuals usually
referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48)
I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may
contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been
charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of
those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral
issues even in everydayperformance of his routine duties -- he is
not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or
doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think
about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a
businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration
of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life
he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his
ethics.
这个定义将许多通常意义上的知识分子排除在外，比如普通的科学家。我之所以将他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实层面。像其他人一样，他即使在处理例行事务时也会面临道德问题--他不应该篡改实验、捏造证据或伪造报告。但他的首要任务不是思考支配自己行动的道德准则，正如不能指望商人专注于探索商业准则一样。正如商人视商业道德为理所当然一样，科学家在他们半梦半醒的人生中，大部分时候也将其道德准则视为理所当然。
The definition also excludes the majority of
teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the
method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They
may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of
them make little or no independent reflections on human problems
which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the
majority of eminent scholars. "Being learned in some branch of
human knowledge is one thing, living in public and illustrious
thoughts," as Emerson would say, "is something else."
这个定义也将大部分教师也排除在外，尽管教学在传统上一直是许多知识分子的谋生手段。他们可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱，但他们大多数人对人类的道德判断问题很少进行独立思考，或根本没有独立思考。这个说法甚至适用于大部分杰出的学者。正如爱默生所说："在某个知识领域博学是一回事，生活在公共领域并思想卓绝则是另一回事。"
Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is
one thing, living in public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson
would say, "is something else."
仍在修改中，有错请指出，谢谢。
Is it true that the American intellectual is
rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to
suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the
story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have
rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have
grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not
Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
在美国社会中，知识分子真的受到排斥并被视为毫无价值吗？我要说的是，事实并非如此。布鲁克伯杰神父提出，是知识分子排斥了美国人。他只说出了部分真相。但知识分子做的不止于此：他们对知识分子扮演的角色越来越不满。反知识分子的不是美国人，而是知识分子自己。
First, the object of our study pleads for
definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as
an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in
life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral
problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately,
and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking
moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems
appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which
he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a
judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a
matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his
decision.
首先，需要对我们的研究对象给出定义。什么是知识分子？我对知识分子的定义是：这种人对道德问题进行苏格拉底式的思考，并视其为人生的首要任务和乐趣所在。他自觉、清晰、坦诚地探讨这些问题，首先提出实际问题，然后提出道义问题，最后根据获得的事实和道义方面的信息，提出看上去恰当的解决办法。他的职责与法官类似，即用尽可能清晰的方式展示自己做决定的推理过程。
This definition excludes many individuals usually
referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48)
I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may
contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been
charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of
those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral
issues even in everydayperformance of his routine duties -- he is
not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or
doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think
about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a
businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration
of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life
he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his
ethics.
这个定义将许多通常意义上的知识分子排除在外，比如普通的科学家。我之所以将他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实层面。像其他人一样，他即使在处理例行事务时也会面临道德问题--他不应该篡改实验、捏造证据或伪造报告。但他的首要任务不是思考支配自己行动的道德准则，正如不能指望商人专注于探索商业准则一样。正如商人视商业道德为理所当然一样，科学家在他们半梦半醒的人生中，大部分时候也将其道德准则视为理所当然。
The definition also excludes the majority of
teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the
method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They
may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of
them make little or no independent reflections on human problems
which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the
majority of eminent scholars. "Being learned in some branch of
human knowledge is one thing, living in public and illustrious
thoughts," as Emerson would say, "is something else."
这个定义也将大部分教师也排除在外，尽管教学在传统上一直是许多知识分子的谋生手段。他们可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱，但他们大多数人对人类的道德判断问题很少进行独立思考，或根本没有独立思考。这个说法甚至适用于大部分杰出的学者。正如爱默生所说："在某个知识领域博学是一回事，生活在公共领域并思想卓绝则是另一回事。"
Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is
one thing, living in public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson
would say, "is something else."
- account [ə´kaunt]
vi.说明 vt.认为 n.帐目 (初中英语单词) - primary [´praiməri] a.主要的 n.居首位的 (初中英语单词)
- frankly [´fræŋkli] ad.直率地；慷慨地 (初中英语单词)
- function [´fʌŋkʃən] n.机能；职责 vi.活动 (初中英语单词)
- obligation [,ɔbli´geiʃən] n.义务；职责；合约 (初中英语单词)
- obvious [´ɔbviəs] a.明显的；显而易见的 (初中英语单词)
- solution [sə´lu:ʃən] n.解答；解决；溶解 (初中英语单词)
- performance [pə´fɔ:məns] n.履行；行为；工作 (初中英语单词)
- supposed [sə´pəuzd] a.想象的；假定的 (初中英语单词)
- despite [di´spait] prep.尽管 (初中英语单词)
- involve [in´vɔlv] vt.卷缠；包括；使专注 (初中英语单词)
- description [di´skripʃən] n.描写 (初中英语单词)
- intellectual [,inti´lektʃuəl] n.知识分子 (高中英语单词)
- define [di´fain] vt.解释；说明；限定 (高中英语单词)
- reasoning [´ri:zəniŋ] n.推理，评理 a.推理的 (高中英语单词)
- scientist [´saiəntist] n.(自然)科学家 (高中英语单词)
- everyday [´evridei] a.每日的，日常的 (高中英语单词)
- routine [ru:´ti:n] n.日常工作 a.日常的 (高中英语单词)
- dedicate [´dedikeit] vt.献给；献身于 (高中英语单词)
- eminent [´eminənt] a.卓越的；杰出的 (高中英语单词)
- learned [´lə:nid] a.有学问的，博学的 (高中英语单词)
- illustrious [i´lʌstriəs] a.杰出的，显赫的 (高中英语单词)
- definition [,defi´niʃən] n.限定；定义；明确 (英语四级单词)
- whereby [weə´bai] ad.凭什么；靠那个 (英语四级单词)
- dissatisfied [´dis,sætis´fækʃən] a.不满的；显出不满的 (英语六级单词)
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章节正文
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