章节正文
2003年英译汉全文
仍在修改中，有错请指出，谢谢。
Human beings in
all times and places think about their world and wonder at their
place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of
insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability
to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all
other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness
and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that
the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more
harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life
forms on this planet Earth.
在任何时期，在任何地方，人类都在思考自己所处的世界，想知道自己在其中的位置。人类善于思考，富有创造力，拥有永不满足的好奇心。而且，人类有能力改变自己生活的环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命都服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。因此，以一种冷静而系统的方式研究人类的丰富性和多样性非常重要，人们期望，从这样的研究中获得的知识能使人类彼此和谐相处，还能使人类与地球上的其它生命形态和谐相处。
"Anthropology"
derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study
of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all
humankind.
"人类学"一词源于希腊语anthropos（即"人类"）和logos（即"研究"）。就名称而言，人类学包含了对全人类的研究。
Anthropology is
one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of
intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and
dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of
natural phenomena.
人类学是一门社会科学。社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统、冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
Social science
disciplines include geography, economics, political science,
psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a
subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to
anthropology.
社会科学的学科包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学。这些社会科学的每一门学科都有一个分支或专业与人类学密切相关。
All the social
sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a
field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the
comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data
gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective
brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this
study a unique and distinctly important social
science.
所有社会科学都专注于研究人类。人类学是一门重视实地考察的学科，广泛使用比较分析法。强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化时采用的跨文化视角，使这一研究成为了一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
Anthropological
analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward
Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great
intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor
defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief,
art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so
profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of
perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's
definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and
patterned behavior.
人类学分析主要取决于文化的概念。爱德华·泰勒爵士对文化概念的阐述是19世纪科学的伟大知识成就之一。泰勒将文化定义为"......一个复合体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。"他对文化的这种洞见简洁而深刻，为观察和理解人类生活开辟了一条全新的道路。泰勒的定义中隐含着一个概念，即文化是通过学习获得的、可以分享的，并且规范了人类行为。
65) Thus, the
anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in
mathematics, is an abstractconcept which makes possible immense
amounts of concreteresearch and understanding.
因此，人类学中的"文化"概念就像数学中的"集合"概念一样，是一个抽象的概念，它使得大量具体（对人类的）研究和认识成为可能。
仍在修改中，有错请指出，谢谢。
Human beings in
all times and places think about their world and wonder at their
place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of
insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability
to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all
other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness
and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that
the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more
harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life
forms on this planet Earth.
在任何时期，在任何地方，人类都在思考自己所处的世界，想知道自己在其中的位置。人类善于思考，富有创造力，拥有永不满足的好奇心。而且，人类有能力改变自己生活的环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命都服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。因此，以一种冷静而系统的方式研究人类的丰富性和多样性非常重要，人们期望，从这样的研究中获得的知识能使人类彼此和谐相处，还能使人类与地球上的其它生命形态和谐相处。
"Anthropology"
derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study
of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all
humankind.
"人类学"一词源于希腊语anthropos（即"人类"）和logos（即"研究"）。就名称而言，人类学包含了对全人类的研究。
Anthropology is
one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of
intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and
dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of
natural phenomena.
人类学是一门社会科学。社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统、冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
Social science
disciplines include geography, economics, political science,
psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a
subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to
anthropology.
社会科学的学科包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学。这些社会科学的每一门学科都有一个分支或专业与人类学密切相关。
All the social
sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a
field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the
comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data
gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective
brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this
study a unique and distinctly important social
science.
所有社会科学都专注于研究人类。人类学是一门重视实地考察的学科，广泛使用比较分析法。强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化时采用的跨文化视角，使这一研究成为了一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
Anthropological
analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward
Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great
intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor
defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief,
art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so
profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of
perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's
definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and
patterned behavior.
人类学分析主要取决于文化的概念。爱德华·泰勒爵士对文化概念的阐述是19世纪科学的伟大知识成就之一。泰勒将文化定义为"......一个复合体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。"他对文化的这种洞见简洁而深刻，为观察和理解人类生活开辟了一条全新的道路。泰勒的定义中隐含着一个概念，即文化是通过学习获得的、可以分享的，并且规范了人类行为。
65) Thus, the
anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in
mathematics, is an abstractconcept which makes possible immense
amounts of concreteresearch and understanding.
因此，人类学中的"文化"概念就像数学中的"集合"概念一样，是一个抽象的概念，它使得大量具体（对人类的）研究和认识成为可能。
- curiosity [,kjuəri´ɔsiti]
n.好奇；奇事；珍品 (初中英语单词) - peculiar [pi´kju:liə] a.特有的；奇异的 (初中英语单词)
- planet [´plænit] n.行星 (初中英语单词)
- orderly [´ɔ:dəli] a.整洁的 n.勤务兵 (初中英语单词)
- humanity [hju:´mæniti] n.人类；人性；仁慈 (初中英语单词)
- discipline [´disiplin] n.纪律；训练 (初中英语单词)
- extensive [ik´stensiv] a.广阔的；大量的 (初中英语单词)
- analysis [ə´næləsis] n.分解；分析(结果) (初中英语单词)
- distinctly [di´stiŋktli] ad.清楚地，明晰地 (初中英语单词)
- concept [´kɔnsept] n.概念；观念；思想 (初中英语单词)
- culture [´kʌltʃə] n.修养；文化；饲养 (初中英语单词)
- complex [´kɔmpleks] a.复杂的 n.综合企业 (初中英语单词)
- research [ri´sə:tʃ] n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 (初中英语单词)
- thoughtful [´θɔ:tfəl] a.深思的；体贴的 (高中英语单词)
- furthermore [,fə:ðə´mɔ:] ad.而且，此外 (高中英语单词)
- environment [in´vaiərənmənt] n.郊区；周围；条件 (高中英语单词)
- geography [dʒi´ɔgrəfi] n.地理(学) (高中英语单词)
- emphasis [´emfəsis] n.强调；重点 (高中英语单词)
- unique [ju:´ni:k] a.唯一的 n.独一无二 (高中英语单词)
- simplicity [sim´plisiti] n.简单；朴素 (高中英语单词)
- learned [´lə:nid] a.有学问的，博学的 (高中英语单词)
- concrete [´kɔŋkri:t] a.具体的 n.混凝土 (高中英语单词)
- creative [kri:´eitiv] a.有创造力的；创作的 (英语四级单词)
- economics [i:kə´nɔmiks, i:,-] n.经济学 (英语四级单词)
- abstract [´æbstrækt] a.抽象的 n.提要 (英语四级单词)
- diversity [dai´və:siti] n.差异；多样性 (英语六级单词)
- systematic [,sisti´mætik] a.有系统的，成体系的 (英语六级单词)
- insight [´insait] n.洞悉；洞察力；见识 (英语六级单词)
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章节正文
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