Lesson 78 The last one?追后一枝吗？

一．单词
1.entitle vt.以......为名,取名，给......题名
The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet.
这位作者还没有给他的新书命名

2. calm v.使镇定
①calm (sb) down 镇定下来
Just calm down a bit.你先静一静！
②calm adj.镇定的，安静的，无忧虑的
It is important to keep calm in an emergency.在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的
③calmly 若无其事地
He walked into the shop and calmly stole a pair of gloves.
他走进商店若无其事地偷了一副手套

3nerve n.神经,胆量，勇气
It takes nerve to be a racing driver. 当赛车手要有胆量
nerves用复数表示神经紧张，神经过敏，神经质
She doesn't know what nerves are.她根本就不知道什么是神经紧张。

4.concentration n.集中，专心
①concentrate v. 专心
②concentrate on doing sth. 集中精力做某事
You should concentrate on your work.
你应该专心于你的工作。

5.suffer .suffer v. 受苦，受害（一定是忍受精神上或者肉体上的痛苦）
①vi. 受痛苦，受苦难；患病：suffer from/with/for
Do you often suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗？
②vt.经历或遭受（痛苦、损害等）：
Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district.
那个地区许多人正受冻挨饿
③变坏，变差，变糟
Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.
你要是总踢足球，功课就会变糟了
④suffering痛苦（肉体的或心理的）
There is so much suffering in this world.这个世界上有很多的痛苦

6.temper n.脾气
keep one's temper 别发火
lose one's temper 发火

7.keep on继续
例 I plan to keep on in my study of history.
我打算继续学历史
He kept on until the work was finished.
他一直坚持把工作干完。

8.give up v放弃，投降
例When you get married, will you give up your job?
你结婚后会不会辞去工作?
Be your best and never give up.
做最好的自己，永不，永不放弃。

9.return to normal恢复正常
return life to normal： 恢复正常生活
恢复正常生活

10.once more再一次
Once more, she dreamed of romance.
她再次梦想着浪漫的爱情。

二．课文
1.pleasure ,delight和joy的区别
①pleasure （the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用词, 指"以任何形式表现出的或默默的快乐与满足"。如:
It's my pleasure to help you.
②delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction）语意比pleasure 强, 指"极大的快乐", 尤指"以一种活泼的态度表现出来的快乐", 如:
The child clapped his hands in delight.
那孩子高兴得拍起手来。
③joy （great happiness and pleasure）指"高兴地表现出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪", 如:
Success brought her great joy.
成功给她带来极大的快乐。

2.独立主格结构
①.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
②. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
A 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
B在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
③. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在"名词（或代词）＋介词短语"构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.
④. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)

• writer [´raitə] n.作者；作家 (初中英语单词)
• calmly [´kɑ:mli] ad.平静地；无风浪地 (初中英语单词)
• concentrate [´kɔnsəntreit] v.聚集；浓缩；全神贯注 (初中英语单词)
• suffering [´sʌfəriŋ] n.痛苦；灾害 (初中英语单词)
• hunger [´hʌŋgə] n.饥饿；渴望 (初中英语单词)
• romance [rəu´mæns] n.中世纪骑士小说 (初中英语单词)
• satisfaction [,sætis´fækʃən] n.满意；满足 (初中英语单词)
• enjoyment [in´dʒɔimənt] n.享受；愉快；乐趣 (高中英语单词)