酷兔英语
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  上学期 Unit 12 Mainly revision

  教学目标

  教学目标与要点

    1.掌握本单元的词汇和部分短语的用法。如:so far,send up,make up,put off,etc.

    2.能正确表达两地距离,根据列车里程表进行分析。

    3.能熟练谈论"购物、选择电视节目、物品的产地和用途"等话题,掌握相关的日常用语。

    4.学习构词法:n + n → n;n + ing/-en → adj;v + er/ or →n;如:fire + place = fireplace,interest - interesting, print - printer

    5.认真学习课文"The Universe and Man - made Satellites",扩大知识面,了解航天等前沿科技。

    6.复习、归纳动词不定式、被动语态的构成和用法及相关注意事项,省去to的动词不定式,必须加上to的被动语态等。如:help sb.do sth,be made to do sth.

  本单元词组和日常交际用语

  (一) 本单元词组和短语

    send sb an email 给......发电子邮件

    different parts of the computer 电脑的不同部件

    put ... together 把......连在一起;组装......指向......

    put information into the computer 把信息输入电脑

    provide information on a screen 在屏幕上提供信息

    point at... 指向......

    talk about... 谈论......

    travel around... 围绕......运行

    send up ... into... 往......发射.....

    spaceships without people 无人的宇宙飞船

    use ... to do ... 用......做......

    send and receive messages 发射和接受信息

    with the help (of) 在(......的)帮助下

    all the time 始终

    thanks to... 归功于;幸亏......

    people from different countries 来自不同国家的人们

    no smoking 禁止吸烟

    computer room 微机室;电脑房

    spend time alone 独自打发时间

  (二)日常交际用语和句型

    It is about ... kilometres from ... to.... 从...... 到...... 大约...... 公里。

  How many kilometers by train / plane / boat / car ...is it from ... to...? 从......到......坐火车/坐飞机/坐船/坐轿车大约......公里。

    I want to let you choose what to do. 我想让你选择该干什么。

  教学建议一

  教材内容分析

    本单元是复习单元,我们要复习巩固前面所学5个单元的内容,主要是复习一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态和动词不定式的用法,还有表达计量和距离等的数字表示法。本单元还学习了一些常用词组和简单的构词方法。通过对课文"The Universe and Man - made Satellites"的学习,我们要了解一些有关太空的常识,来激发学习的积极性,提高学习英语的兴趣。课文中出现有现在完成时态的被动语态。同时,我们要能够读懂列车里程表,能熟练地谈论"购物、选择电视节目"等话题,掌握相关日常用语。

  本单元重点例句及词语辨析

  1. I hope I can make my own computer that way someday. 我希望有朝一日我能在家里用那种方式制造我自己的电脑。

    Someday (some day)和one day 都可以表示"总有一天;有朝一日"的意思。

  【例】 Someday we'll go there to visit you though you are too far away from us. We are all going to stay together one day. 虽然你离我们很远,但有朝一日我们一定去看你。总有一天我们会在一起的。

  2.I'm sure you can. 我确信你行。

    be sure 意为"确信;确定;肯定",其有三种用法:be sure of sth, be sure to do sth和be sure that从句。

  【例】

   (1) Are you sure that he is honest?

    你能肯定他老实吗?

   (2)- Are you sure of it?

     - Yes, I am sure.

     - 你对这事有把握吗?

     - 是的,我确信。

   (3)- Be sure to write to me as soon as you get there.

     - Of course.

     - 你一到那里一定给我写信。

     - 当然。

  3. When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them. 当我们谈论宇宙时,我们指的是地球,太阳,月亮,星星以及它们之间的宇宙空间。

    (1) 当我们谈论独一无二的事物说,要在前面加上"the"。如the earth, the sun, the moon。sky的前面必须加the。

    (2) 关于space, universe, sky三个词汇的区别

    space含"宇宙空间"之意,指大气层以外的太空领域,其前不用冠词,space有时指"间隙;空间",为不可数名词。;universe含"宇宙万物"之意,指物质,如星星、太阳、月球等,其前常用定冠词the;sky指从地球上看,头顶之上的"天空",通常与定冠词连用,多用单数形式,如果前在面有形容词修饰,则用"a(an)+形容词+sky"句式。

  【例】

    Nobody can tell exactly information about when the universe first came into being. But the spaceship travelled through space to the moon brings us hope to study it. Now satellites are used for studying the universe. And we are sure it is not God who makes the universe. We can see a clear, blue sky, and someday we will know more about it. There is no space for doubt. Is it right?

    没人能准确说出宇宙是什么时候产生的。但是宇宙飞船登陆月球给我带来研究它的希望。现在卫星用于研究宇宙。我们确信了不是上帝创造了宇宙。我们能看到一个湛蓝、明朗的天空,总有一天,我们会了解到更多。我们没有怀疑的余地。不是吗?

  4. The moon travels round the earth. 月球围绕地球转。

    (1)travel 在句中意为move, go等,travel还可作"旅行;传播"讲,

  【例】He has never travelled to the big cities in the north of China.他从没有旅行过中国北方的大城市。

    Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。

    (2)round, around两词都可与动词连用,但与前者连用的动词具有活动性;与后者连用的动词带有静止性,

  【例】The students are running round a chair to play a game. 学生们正围着椅子跑,做游戏。

    We often sit around the old man and listen to his interesting stories. 我们经常围坐在那个老人周围听他讲有趣的故事。

  5. Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.

    satellite,plane与star这三个单词有相近的含义,但它们的用法各不相同。satellite表示"卫星",planet表示"行星",star表示"星星"。

    (1)satellite具体来说,有两种含义:一种是指卫星,也就是说围绕行星运行的天体,它本是不发光。

  【例】The moon is a satellite of the earth.

    月亮是地球的卫星。

    另一种意义是人造卫星,即:围绕着某个天体转的由人类发射的卫星。

  【例】A new artificial satellite has been launched again by China.

    中国又发射了一颗新人造卫星。

    其他与satellite连用的名词。

  【例】a satellite station 卫星电台

    a manned satellite 载入卫星

    (2) planet是"行星",也就是说围绕太阳运转的天体,本身不发光,只能反射太阳光。例如:

    Do you know the nine major planets?

    你知道九大行星吗?

    (九个行星是:Mercury 水星;Venus金星;the Earth地球;Mars火星;Jupiter 木星; Saturn土星;Uranus天王星;Neptune海王星;Pluto冥王星)

    (3) star是"恒星;星星",它有两层含义:一是泛指夜晚我们天空中见到的所有的天体;二是其本身能发光和热的天体。

  【例】the evening star 昏星

     the morning star 晨星

     the North star 北极星

  另外:star还有其他的意义:

    the Red Flag with Five Stars 五星红旗

    film stars 影星(电影明星)

    famous stars明星

  6. So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other parts of the universe. 到目前为止,还没有人到达比月球更远的地方,但是无人驾驶宇宙飞船已经到达宇宙的其他地方。

    (1) so far 的意思是到目前为止,可解释成"until now, up to now"。

    【例】They have been to many cities in the south so far. 到目前为止,他们已经去过许多城市了。= They have been to many cities in the south up to now.

    (2) without的意思是"无;没有"。它可以用来完成同义句的改写。

    【例】Fish can't live if there is no water. 鱼儿离不开水。= Fish can't live without water.

    (3) These satellites go round the earth and ... 这些卫星围绕地球运行......

    注意:客观存在的事实在表示一般过去时的句子中做宾语从句,依旧用一般现在时,表示客观真理。如:Our teacher told us that the sun is round.

  7. Our knowledge of the universe is growing all the time. 我们对宇宙的认识一直在增长。

    (1) knowledge是know的名词形式,作"知识;学问"讲,是不可数名词。one's knowledge of...的意思是"对......的认识/了解。"knowledge 的前面若有定语修饰,可与a连用,表示"对......某种程度的了解"。

    【例】Your knowledge of English is weak. He has a good knowledge of study.

    你的英语知识较差。他对学习很在行。

    (2) grow作及物动词时,表示"种植";作不及物动词时,表示"生长;成长;增长;发展;渐渐变成"等意思。

    【例】Chinese people are growing more trees to protect their environment.Those trees are growing well.中国人民正在种更多的树以保护环境。那些树长得很好。

    She has grown into a pretty girl.But she grows older and older as well.

    她长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。但她同时(年纪)也变得越来越大了。

    (3) all the time的意思是"一直",在句中作状语。

    【例】We have been here all the time.我们一直都在这儿。

  8. The world itself is becoming a much smaller place and people from different countries

    now understand each other better. 世界的本身正变得更小,来自不同国家的人们彼此间能更好地相互了解。

    反身代词itself在句中做主语the world 的同位语。

    【例】Tom himself learns English day and night. I myself will go to the farm to help the farmers.

    汤姆自己日日夜夜地学习英语。我自己也将去农场帮助农民。

  9.Man-made satellites are about 8,000 kilometres away from the earth.

    人造卫星离地球大约有八千公里远。

    (1) 这是距离的一种表示方法,距离的表示方法还有:

    It's about 200 metres from my home to our school. = Our school is about 200 metres from my home.

    从我家到学校大约有二百米。

    The city is about two thousand kilometres by train (from here).

    (从这儿)乘火车去那座城市约有二千公里。

    It's two hours by plane from here to that city.

    从这儿乘飞机到那座城市需要二小时。

    The post office is about ten minutes' walk from here.

    从这儿步行去邮局大约要十分钟。

    (2) earth, world与globe

    1) earth作"地球"解,需加the。:

    【例】We live on the earth. 我们生活在地球上。

    The moon goes round the earth. 月亮围着地球转。

    In the Middle Ages it was generally believed that the earth was the center of the universe.

    中世纪时,一般人都相信地球是宇宙的中心。

    Do you know what the earth satellite is?

    你知道什么是地球卫星吗?

    2) on earth 有两种意思:第一种含义等于in the world,用在不定词或疑问词what, who when, where, why, how的后面,作强调语。

    【例】No force in the world / on earth can hold back the wheel of history.

    没有任何力量可以阻止历史车轮的前进。

    What on earth/in the world is the matter there?

    那里究竟发生了什么事情?

    Where in the world/on earth can he be?

    他到底在哪儿呢?

    He didn't know how in the world/on earth to answer.

    他不知道究竟如何回答。

    第二种含义:on earth表示"在世界上,在人间",不用冠词,在这个意义上,on earth等于in the world。

    【例】China is one of the greatest nations on earth/in the world.

    中国是世界上最伟大的国家之一。

    She must be the happiest woman on earth/in the world.

    她一定是天底下最幸福的女性。

    3)world是"世界",兼指"全世界的人"。

    【例】The whole world is hoping that there will be a lasting peace.

    全世界都希望有一个持久的和平。

    Egyptian civilization is among the oldest in the world.

    埃及文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。

    This is an event that shook the world.

    这是震撼世界的事件。

    4)包含world,earth的短语。

  【例】the world to come    来世

    bring...into the world   生孩子

    before the world      公然地

    give to the world     出版,发表

    take earth        (狐等)逃入洞内

    break earth        破土动工

    bring sb back to earth   使某人回到现实

    5)globe是"地球",它与earth不一样。 earth谈的是人类所居住的行星,而globe强调形状圆球等。

  【例】Now it will take us only a few days to circle the globe by air.

    现在我们乘飞机只需几天的工夫就可以绕地球一周。

    (这里强调的是:globe圆形,球状体的地球)

    a terrestrial globe 地球仪

    a celestial globe 天体仪

  10.How many kilometres by train is it from Nanjing to Wuhan?

    从南京到武汉乘火车有多远?

    这是一个问两地距离的句型。it 代表距离,from ... to 表示"从某处到某处"。

    How many kilometres by air is it from Shanghai to Beijing ?

    it在句中指代"路程",同时,它也可以指代"时间,天气,人物"等。

    It is colder in Hefei than in Wuhu. 合肥比芜湖冷。(it指气候)

    What time is it by your watch? 你的表上是几点钟了?(it指时间)

    It is Mike speaking. 我就是Mike. (it指人物)

    还有一种询问距离的句型,它不是具体地问有多少公里,而是问"有多远"。句中直接用地名作主语,不用 it 作形式主语。

  【例】- How far away is Sydney from Beijing ? 悉尼离北京有多远?

     - Sydney is 10, 400 kilometres away from Beijing . 悉尼离北京是10,400公里远。

  教学建议二

  英语构词法浅析

    英语最常见的构词有三种方法:转化,合成,派生。这里我们着重向同学们介绍合成法:

    即把两个或更多的词合在一起组成新词(合成名词,合成形容词)。

  1)合成名词

    名词 + 名词。例如:

    hand +bag = handbag 手提包

    school + boy = schoolboy 男学生

    moon +cake = mooncake 月饼

    rail + way = railway 铁路

    形容词 + 名词。例如:

    black + bar= blackboard黑板    dead + line= deadline最后期限

    high + way= highway公路      blue + prints= blueprints蓝图

    动名词 + 名词。例如:

    post +card = postcard 明信片    play +ground = playground 操场

    reading + room =reading-room阅览室 work +place = workplace 操作间

    副词 + 名词。例如:

    out + break = outbreak 爆发     over + coat = overcoat 大衣

    down + fall = downfall下台      up + shot = upshot 结果

    介词 + 名词。例如:

    after +noon = afternoon 下午

    to +day = today 今天

    名词 + 介词短语。例如:

    editor + in + chief = editor -in -chief 总编辑

    comrade + in + arms = comrade -in -arms 战友

    father + in + law= father-in-law岳父

    sister + in + law =sister -in - law嫂子

  2)合成形容词

    形容词 + 名词。例如:

     new + type = new -type 新式的     bare + foot = bard-foot 光脚的

    形容词 + 形容词。例如:

    bitter + sweet = bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的

    blue + black = blue-black 蓝黑色的

    形容词 + 分词。例如:

    fresh + looking = fresh-looking 新鲜的

    ready + made = ready-made 现成的

    名词 + 分词。例如:

    peace + loving = peace -loving 爱好和平的

    man + made = man-made 人造的

    数词 + 名词 + ed。例如:

    three + legged = three-legged 三条腿的,三只脚的

    two + faced = two-faced 两面派的。

    形容词 + 名词 + ed。例如:

    open + minded = open- minded 胸襟开阔的

    white + haired = white- haired 白发苍苍的

  7-11单元语法项目复习列表

  动词不定式(The Infinitive)

    做宾语,如:He wanted to be an inventor. 他想成为一名发明家。

    做宾语补足语,如:Tell her to turn it down. 告诉她将音量关小点儿。

    做状语, 如:Later he left home to work in different cities. 后来他离开家在别的地方工作了。

    和疑问词连用,如:I don't know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。

    定语,如:I must buy a pen to write with. 我必须得买只钢笔用。

  主动语态与被动语态(The Active Voice And The Passive Voice)

    一般现在时的被动语态,如:It is used for cooking. 它是做饭用的。

    一般过去时的被动语态,如;Was it made in China? 它是中国制造的吗?

    情态动词的被动语态,如:More trees must be planted. 我们还要栽更多的树。

  数词(Measurement)

    It is ten kilometers long / wide / deep / high.

    Beijing is about five hundred kilometers from here.

  教学建议三

  关于阅读课文的教学建议

    本单元第46课是一篇题为"The universe and man-made satellites"的课文,是一篇科技小品。为了引起学生的阅读兴趣,建议让学生带着问题有目的地进行阅读,或在阅读前让学生猜测课文内容,然后再阅读课文,证实他们的猜测。具体做法是:

  l.学生们讨论以下问题,并试着回答这些问题。

    What do we mean when we talk about the universe?

    Why can't many stars be seen?

    How far is the moon away from the earth?

    Has the moon been visited by man already?

    Have any man-made machines travelled farther than the moon? What are they?

    What do you know about the universe?

    Why do we say the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller?

  2.或者教师根据每个自然段内容,设置如下概括性问题:

    1) What do we mean when we talk about the universe?

    2) Do you know anything about the moon? Try to say something about it.

    3) What is a man-made satellite? What's it used for?

    4) Please say something about people's knowledge of the universe.

    教师可将学生们的回答简单地板书在黑板的一侧。然后让他们打开书阅读课文。

    学生们阅读后,教师带着他们验证猜测。在这个过程中,实际上教师是在让学生熟悉本课的大意,并接触课文中的句型和词语。教师在黑板的另一侧板书课文中的关键词,与学生们的猜测答案相对照。下一步让学生逐段复述课文。反复数次后,让学生做根据课文某段所改编的完形填空题。如:

    The universe means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space ______ them. Many of the stars are so ______ away that we ______ see them.

    The moon, our ______, travelled ______ the earth. It has been visited _____ man in spaceships.

    Man-made ______ have been sent up ______ space by many countries. They go ______ the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more ______ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and ______ messages. It makes people ______ different countries understand each other better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much ______ place. People call the small place "the global village".

  Answers:

    between, far, can not, satellite, round, by, satellites, into, round, about, receiving, from, smaller

    学生在做这个练习答案的过程中,即复习了本课的词语,又掌握了与课文内容相关的新表达方式。这样他们完成其他练习也就不难了。教师可继续让他们将这个练习中的语句与课文作比较,找出异同,例如:

    1) 课文-Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.

    练习-Many of the stars are so far away that we cannot see them.

    2) 课文-The moon travels round the earth. It is our satellite.

    练习-The moon, our satellite, travels round the earth.

    在这种比较过程中,学生又一次熟悉了课文内容及词语,特别是被动语态的用法。与此同时也锻炼了他们的思维能力,认识到英语语言表达灵活的特点,为下一步第48课的词汇教学做好辅垫。

  关于数字表达方法的教学建议

    在教授第47课时,为了给学生创造更多的机会,教师可提供火车列车时刻表中全国各主要城市间的距离表或世界各地航空路程表,将其放大制成挂图,贴在黑板上。可先根据 Practise的内容,让学生做快速的连锁问答,使他们熟悉句型和数字,并达到脱口而出的熟练程度。然后练习Ask and answer可的材料。其中的重要句型是:

    1 ) How many kilometres by train is it from... to...?

    2) How far away is...from...?

    3) What about ...?

    教师要求学生用自己的词填入空缺的部分,这样可以造出许多句子,而且还可以复习或预习课文中出现的词语。例如:

    1 ) How many li by air is it from ... to...?

    2) How far away is the earth from the moon?

    3) What about other planet?

     练习表示数量的方式有许多种,例如教师将一摞书带到课堂上,让学生猜每本书的页数。

    做这样的对话:

    T: How many pages do you think this book has?

    SI: I think about 120.

    T: No. The number is too small.

    S2: What about 500?

    T: Oh, that's too big.

    S3: How about 250?

    T: That's quite right. 265.

    在初中英语第一册和第二册中,我们已经陆续学习了数字的用法,教师可帮助学生回忆它们的念法,并做快速连锁问答。还可就长度、高度、重量等做问答,例如:How long is the Yellow River? How heavy is your bag? How tall/high is that tree?等等。


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文章标签:英语教案  九年级  九年级英语  初三