关于词语及对话练习的教学建议

　　　　本单元的生词大部分出现在阅读课文之中。而针对词汇的练习主要由48课的2和3两部分组成。即构词法的部分知识和有关选择电视节目的对话及词语练习。

　　　　首先，在教学构词法知识时，教师可采取提供部分例词，要求学生通过观察自己总结出构词规则的方式，让学生对构词法知识的认识从感性认识上升到理性认识，从而印象深刻， 记忆牢固。

　　　　现根据构词法将第一册到第三册中出现的有关单词归类如下：

　　　　复合名词：afternoon basketball bedroom birthday blackboard bookseller bookshop breakfast classmate classroom day-time doorbell Englishman fireplace football gate-keeper gateman grandparents granddaughter grandson handbag headache headmaster headteacher hometown homework houseworkkilometre know-all loudspeaker mooncake motorbike northeast northwest

　　　　pencil-box penfriend photograph playground policeman postcard railway reading-room shopkeepersoutheastsouthwest spaceship sunrise sunshine teapot teamwork volleyball weekday

　　　　名词变形容词：interesting surprising northern southern woolen

　　　　动词变名词（结尾-er/or）：

　　　　cleaner driver inventor keeper teacher speaker traveller visitor worker

　　　　其次，提供讨论选择电视或电台节目的对话的教学过程。

　　　　建议教师先向学生展示电视和电台节目表，如下表：

　　TV: 1. Programme for Children Radio: 1. Music World

　　　　2. 9-part Series: Family (2) 2. News Report

　　　　3. China Reports 3. Foreign Languages Magazine

　　　　4. Series: Women 4. Window on Chinese History

　　　　5. Chinese Programmes for Foreigners

　　　　6. Music Bridge

　　　　7. Basketball Match (Beijing Vs Henan)

　　将主要句型提供给学，如下：

　　　　1) Which TV/radio programme shall we watch/listen to?

　　　　2) Which TV/radio programme do you think is more interesting/enjoyable?

　　　　3) Well, I don't think any of them is interesting/enjoyable.

　　　　4) I think I shall …instead.

　　　　5) Why don't you go and … instead?

　　　　6) Good idea. That is much better than … /…is better than…

　　　　学生看表进行对话练习。按全班、半班、两人小组操练句型，直至熟练为止。建议教师依靠表格和角色扮演等手段，让学生先口头熟悉对话内容，并采取各种形式进行口头操练，然后再据此完成不同的笔头练习。教师应鼓励学生积极思维，创造性地编出不同的对话。例如：

　　1)　A: Which TV programme shall we watch? I can't decide.

　　　　B: Which do you think is more interesting?

　　　　A: Well, I think the children's programme is more enjoyable.

　　　　B: Which channel is it on?

　　　　A: It is usually found on Channel 3. Try that.

　　　　B: I've tried that. But I can't get it.

　　2)　A: What are you doing?

　　　　B: I'm trying to find our favourite TV programme-sports.

　　　　A: Have you got it yet?

　　　　B: No. I don't know which channel it is on.

　　　　A: It must be on Channel 14. Try that.

　　　　B: OK . But this is not sports.

　　　　A: Well, I don't think any of the programmes is interesting. I think I shall 　listen to the radio instead. Why don't you join me? It must be more enjoyable.

　　Lesson 45 教学设计示例

　　Period: The First Period

　　Content: Lesson 45

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Objects.

　　Teaching Objectives: the Passive Voice, be used for doing

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　II. Revision

　　　　Check homework.

　　III. Leading in

　　　　Revise the Passive Voice again. Take out some objects to ask and answer.

　　　　What's this in English?

　　　　What's it made of?

　　　　Where was it made?

　　　　Do you want to buy a …?

　　IV. Presentation

　　　　Ask the individual: Do you have a computer? Does Laura have a computer? Where was it made? Listen to the tape or watch the flash and answer the questions, then read and act it out.

　　V. Practice

　　　　Part 2. Discuss the model with the students. Point out that "by people" is usually omitted.

　　　　Do the first one with the whole class as an example, then let the students work on their own, write down the answers in their exercise books. Check the answers with the whole class. Explain the new words and expressions.

　　　　1. put… into

　　　　Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

　　　　2. point at

　　　　He is pointing at the map.

　　　　3. information: news

　　VI. Writing

　　　　Let the students practise this structure: be used for doing.

　　　　Show pictures: satellite, universe

　　　　Then let the students make sentences in their exercise books, Finally, check the answers with the whole class.

　　VII. Exercise in class

　　Fill in the blanks:

　　　　1. The moon travels round the earth. It's our ___________.

　　　　2. There must be ___________ wrong with the radio.

　　　　3. She ___________ me a letter last week.

　　　　4. Sheep are ___________ by farmers for producing wool and meat.

　　　　5. Most of us are ___________in English. ( interested)

　　VIII. Homework

　　　　1. Finish off the workbook.

　　　　2. Make five sentences using "be used for doing".

　　Lesson 46 教学设计示例

　　Period: The Second Period

　　Content: Lesson 46

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Pictures.

　　Teaching Objectives:

　　　　1. Understand the text.

　　　　2. Revise different verb tenses.

　　Language Focus:

　　　　1. The useful expressions: so far, with one's help, thanks to.

　　　　2. The Present Perfect Tense.

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　II. Revision

　　　　Revise the dialogue in Lesson 45.

　　III. Leading in

　　　　Show some pictures that introduce the sun, the moon, the earth, space, spaceship, satellite, universe, etc.

　　 　　Ask the students to look at the pictures and say: Look, this is a satellite. Today we are going to read about it. The title of the passage is "The Universe and Man - made satellite". Watch the video about satellite and speak out what a satellite is.

　　　　After watching, let the students discuss the questions for a while. Get them to give the explanations in English.

　　　　For instance: A satellite goes round the earth. The moon is a satellite of the earth. There are many man-made satellites in the space too. Then explain that man-made is an adjective meaning made by people. "Man" in this text means "the human race".

　　IV. Reading

　　　　Get the students to look at the questions below:

　　　　What do we mean when we talk about the universe?

　　　　Why can't many stars be seen?

　　　　How far is the moon away from the earth?

　　　　Has the moon been visited by man already?

　　　　Have any man-made machines travelled farther than the moon? What are they?

　　　　What do you know about the universe?

　　　　Why do we say the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller?

　　　　Read the passage carefully and discuss the answers in pairs. Finally check the answers with the whole class.

　　　　Give the students some more background information about spaceships without people: Some spaceships have been sent to visit different planets, such as Mars, Venus and Jupiter.

　　　　Ask the students to write down the answers in the exercise books. The suggested answer to the last question is: With the help of the man-made satellites, it is easy for different countries to send and receive messages. We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries.

　　V. Practice

　　　　Play Speech Cassette or video for the students to listen or watch. For the second time, let the students repeat after it, at last, the students can read the passage at the same time while playing the sounds.

　　　　Give the students some free time to practice reading aloud. Then ask some of them to read in class. Check their reading. Explain:

　　　　so far: We have learned 2000 words so far.

　　　　With one's help: With the teachers help, he caught up with the other students.

　　　　Knowledge: Our knowledge of the USA is not so good.

　　　　Thanks to: Thanks to Tom's help, we finished the work on time.

　　VI. Do Exercise below:

　　　　The universe means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space ______ them. Many of the stars are so ______ away that we ______ see them.

　　　　The moon, our ______, travelled ______ the earth. It has been visited _____ man in spaceships.

　　　　Man-made ______ have been sent up ______ space by many countries. They go ______ the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more ______ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and ______ messages. It makes people ______ different countries understand each other better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much ______ place. People call the small place "the global village".

　　　　The answers: between, far, can not, satellite, round, by, satellites, into, round, about, receiving, from, smaller

　　VII. Consolidation

　　　　Read the passage again, ask the students to find sentences what replace those in text.

　　　　1) Text -Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.

　　Exercise -Many of the stars are so far away that we cannot see them.

　　　　2) Text -The moon travels round the earth. It is our satellite.Exercise -The moon, our satellite, travels round the earth.

　　VIII. Homework

　　　　1.Fill in the blanks。

　　　　Man-made s ________ have been s ________ up into space by many countries. They can be used for sending and r ________ messages. For example, w ________ their help, China can send its TV and radio p ________ to the other side of the w ________. We can also use them to help us m ________ telephone, calls to f ________ countries. T ________ to them, the world itself is becoming a much s ________ place and people from different countries. Now u ________ each other better.

　　　　2. Let the students retell the text.

　　　　3. Make six sentences using the Present Perfect Tense.

　　Lesson 47 教学设计示例

　　Period: The Third Period

　　Content: Lesson 47

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector.

　　Teaching Objectives: Revise the distance and dialogues.

　　Language Focus: the modal verbs, numbers.

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　II. Revision

　　　　Revise the text and ask some students to read their retellings in class. Then practise the Present -Perfect Tense.

　　III. Leading in

　　　　Get the students to look at the Exercise

　　　　1 ) How many kilometres by train is it from… to…?

　　　　2) How far away is…from…?

　　　　3) What about …?

　　　　Tell the students to read the model question. Let them understand this exercise, then get the students to ask and answer in pairs. Finally check the answers with the whole class.

　　IV. Practice

　　　　Part 2. Let the students look at the diagram, It tells us the distance between cities. Let's look at the model first.

　　　　A: How many kilometres by train is it from Nanjing to Wuhan?

　　　　B: 1229. ( One thousand two hundred and twenty nine)

　　　　A: How many kilometres is it from Kunming to Shanghai?

　　　　B: 2677. How many....?

　　　　Ask the whole class some questions about the distance. Make sure the students can say numbers correctly. Then divide them into small groups to make up questions. At last, report their work in class.

　　V. Acting

　　　　Let the students read Part 3 silently. Ask them to practise in pairs. Pay attention to the modal verbs.

　　VI. Workbook

　　　　For Exercise 1, ask and answer in pairs.

　　　　For Exercise 3. Get the students to read over the sentences and fill in the blanks.

　　　　The answers are: was ...repaired, began, make, was told, got, decided, received, found, would be repaired

　　Exercises in class

　　　　Change the following sentences into Passive Voice

　　　　1. Bruce writes a letter to his parents every week.

　　　　2.Lilei mended the broken kite this morning.

　　　　3.1 must buy a Christmas present for Mr Green.

　　　　4. Li Ming can't finish the homework on time.

　　　　5. We should water the flowers twice a day.

　　VI. Homework

　　　　Finish off the exercises in the workbook.

　　Lesson 48 教学设计示例

　　Period: The Fourth Period

　　Content: Lesson 48

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector.

　　Teaching Objectives:

　　　　1. Learn how to build words.

　　　　2. Practise listening.

　　Language Focus:

　　　　1. Word formation

　　　　2. the Passive Voice

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　II. Revision

　　　　Go through some pairs to act out their dialogues written in the exercise books.

　　III. Listen

　　　　Ask the students to read through the questions of Exercise I in the workbook, ask them to guess the answers before listening. Then listen carefully, check the answers with each other. Listen again and repeat. Answers: 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C

　　IV. Word building

　　　　Explain that in English, we can make new words by combining two words together for example:

　　　　Class + room = classroom, home + work = homework, police + man = policeman

　　　　Let the students think of other examples they have learnt. Then look at Exercise 2 in the wordbook, read through the list. Make sure the students can understand the meaning of the words. Pay attention, in American English "woolen" and "traveler" are spelt as "woolen" and "traveled"

　　V. Practice

　　　　Part 2. Divide the students into two groups to practise. Point out that "Which do you think is more interesting? = Which programme (of the two) is more interesting?" And the use of shall to express a decision in I think I shall read a book instead. Get the students to practise all the dialogues. Make up as many as they can. Then act it out in class.

　　VI. Acting

　　　　Let the students read proverbs Exercise 4. Make the students understand the Chinese meaning. Ask them to practise them after class.

　　VII. Practice

　　　　Get the students to look at the Exercise 5 in the workbook and have a discussion.

　　　　Ask: What activities do you do every day? What activities do you like most? What activities do you like least? Then ask the students to practise in pairs.

　　VIII. Writing

　　　　Ask the students to look at the pictures, let them really understand the meaning of each picture. Collect some ideas and information. Share with the students. Then try to make up a short story and write it down.

　　　　After finishing writing, ask the students to check their partner's work, then ask them to hand in their writings for marking.

　　IX. Workbook

　　　　Do Exercise 3, ask the students to find compound words.

　　　　For Exercise 6, do it with the whole class. The answers are:　

　　　　1. put up　　2. put. . . away　3. put on　4. put. . . down

　　　　5. Put up　　6. Put. . . on　　7. put down

　　Exercises in class

　　Rewrite the following sentences in another way.

　　　　1.I don't like watching TV, she doesn't like it, either.

　　　　________ I ________ she _________ watching TV.

　　　　2. We should deal with the problem more carefully.

　　　　The problem ________ ________ ________ with more carefully _______ ________.

　　　　3. The buses were made in the factory.

　　　　They ________ the buses in the factory.

　　　　4. Talking in class is wrong.

　　　　It _________ right _________ _________in class.

　　Answers: 1. Neither…nor, likes 2. should be dealed, by us 3. made 4. isn't, to talk

　　X. Homework

　　　　1. Prepare for the exam.

　　　　2. Finish off the exercises in the workbook.

　　探究活动

　　读文谈感受

　　读下面关于时间的小资料，然后谈一谈自己的感受。

　　　　A punctual(守时的) person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.

　　　　The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. There is a proverb(谚语) which says, "Time flies never to be recalled(召回)." This is very true. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact time is life itself, and the unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset(财产) as well as others'. The unpunctual man is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through his immense amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every appointment promptly and deals with every piece of work when it has to be attended to.

　　用英语复述

　　读下面的小文章，试着用英语复述。

　　　　你旅行时在时间上会发生很多奇怪的事，因为地球分为24个时区，一区相差一小时。有些天可能多于或少于24小时，有些星期可能多于或少于7天。

　　　　如果你用五天时间横渡大西洋，你乘的船每天都进入一个不同的时区。你进入每一时区，时间就改变一小时。向西行，你把钟往后拨；向东行，则往前拨。你旅行的每一天都有25或23小时。

　　　　如果你乘船横渡太平洋，你就会越过国际日期变更线。根据协议，这是新一天开始的地方。你越过该线，就得把你的日历向后或向前改动一整天。向东行，今天变成了昨天；向西行，今天变成了明天！

　　参考答案：

　　　　Strange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four time zones(时区), one hour apart. You can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.

　　　　If you make a five-day drip across the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)，your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours.

　　　　If you travel by ship across the Pacific(太平洋)， you cross the international date line(国际日期变更线). By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday; traveling west, it is tomorrow!

　　总结如何来做笔记

　　　　先在课堂上讨论如何做笔记和如何使用笔记。把主要的结论写在黑板上，让学生选出一条结论在课后进行扩写，一句话或两句话即可，可使用字典等工具书，内容要有生词、主从句、动词不定式、被动语态等语法项目。第二天或第在下节课上出示范句。

　　范句：

　　　　字迹清楚

　　　　Accurate, legible(字迹清楚的) notes are invaluable(非常宝贵的) aids to the student who is enrolled in a lecture course.

　　　　不但在听讲时,还在课前预习课文时

　　　　Notes should be taken during lectures, and when the student is reading the texts prior to each session of the course.

　　　　能听进很多内容，只记下教师所讲内容的要点

　　　　The key to good note-taking is to be able to listen a lot and to write only as much as is needed to record the essence(精华) of a point or idea presented by the lecturer.

　　　　辨别出主要论点和意见，并记下其概要

　　　　Students should endeavor(努力去) to identify only the main points and ideas being presented and to write them down in outline(概要) form.

　　　　力争把笔记第一次记好

　　　　Students should also strive(力争) to take good notes the first time and not plan to recopy notes - or to do so only when clarity and conciseness demand it

　　　　再把笔记复习

　　　　Students should review their notes for about five minutes on the same day that they take them, and go over them again for about half an hour at least once a week, according to a regular schedule or plan.

　　　　小结

　　　　There is no course syllabus(大纲) to be memorized; instead, the examination will be based on the material presented in the lectures and textbooks.

　　　　总结复习的重要性

　　　　组织学生们用英语来讲一讲复习的重要性。教师根据学生们提出的想法及时进行总结。

　　参考资料

　　　　Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning. An hour after studying or learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten. After one month 80% has been forgotten and so on.

　　　　This shows that review is very important. If you review new material you have learnt, you remember much more. It's important to review newly learnt material a little and often. It's also necessary to have frequent breaks(间歇). We best remember what we learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop. After the break, it's necessary to review what was learnt before the break - and then to continue learning the new material.

　　　　Other experiments have shown that the brain needs time to "digest" what has been learnt. The time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes. After a break of this time the memory will have absorbed what it has just learnt, and more will be remembered.